Monday, December 31, 2007
How to Prepare for Exams?
Prepare for those tests and assignments:
This is the best way to minimize anxiety. Here are a few tips for preparing for an exam:
• Avoid cramming for a test. Cramming can produce high levels of anxiety and is not helpful in trying to learn a large amount of material.
• Instead of trying to memorize all of the intricate details from an entire semester’s worth of notes and readings, try combining everything and learning the larger, main concepts first.
• When studying, try to create questions that could possibly be asked on the test. Try integrating ideas from lectures, notes, books and other readings.
• If it is impossible for you to cover all of the material for the test, choose one portion that you know you will be able to cover and present well.
Change your attitude:
It can help to change the way you think about taking tests. A test will not predict your future success or determine your self worth. Changing your attitude can actually help you enjoy studying and learning. Here are some ways you can work on changing your attitude:
• Remind yourself that it is only a test and there will be others.
• Reward yourself when the test is over.
• Think of yourself in a positive way. Think of all the hard work you have done already or think of what you do know.
• Plan ways to improve next semester
Don’t forget the basics:
Don’t forget about yourself and what you need. This means thinking of yourself as a total person, not just as a test taker.
• Maintain proper nutrition and exercise, and continue some of your social or recreational activities. It is ok to take a break once in a while.
• Make sure you get plenty of sleep. You can’t function at your best if you are tired.
• Do something relaxing when you feel adequately prepared.
Again, try to do something relaxing before the test. Cramming minutes before can produce anxiety. Get to the test early. This way, you can pick out your seat away from anxiety-ridden classmates and other distractions. Now, you’re ready to take the test…Good luck!
SQL Server Interview Questions - IV
What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE?
Specifies a search condition for a group or an aggregate. HAVING can be used only with the SELECT statement. HAVING is typically used in a GROUP BY clause. When GROUP BY is not used, HAVING behaves like a WHERE clause. Having Clause is basically used only with the GROUP BY function in a query. WHERE Clause is applied to each row before they are part of the GROUP BY function in a query.
What is sub-query? Explain properties of sub-query.
Sub-queries are often referred to as sub-selects, as they allow a SELECT statement to be executed arbitrarily within the body of another SQL statement. A sub-query is executed by enclosing it in a set of parentheses. Sub-queries are generally used to return a single row as an atomic value, though they may be used to compare values against multiple rows with the IN keyword.
A subquery is a SELECT statement that is nested within another T-SQL statement. A subquery SELECT statement if executed independently of the T-SQL statement, in which it is nested, will return a result set. Meaning a subquery SELECT statement can standalone and is not depended on the statement in which it is nested. A subquery SELECT statement can return any number of values, and can be found in, the column list of a SELECT statement, a FROM, GROUP BY, HAVING, and/or ORDER BY clauses of a T-SQL statement. A Subquery can also be used as a parameter to a function call. Basically a subquery can be used anywhere an expression can be used.
Properties of Sub-Query
A subquery must be enclosed in the parenthesis.
A subquery must be put in the right hand of the comparison operator, and
A subquery cannot contain a ORDER-BY clause.
A query can contain more than one sub-queries.
What are types of sub-queries?
Single-row subquery, where the subquery returns only one row.
Multiple-row subquery, where the subquery returns multiple rows,.and
Multiple column subquery, where the subquery returns multiple columns.
What is SQL Profiler?
SQL Profiler is a graphical tool that allows system administrators to monitor events in an instance of Microsoft SQL Server. You can capture and save data about each event to a file or SQL Server table to analyze later. For example, you can monitor a production environment to see which stored procedures are hampering performance by executing too slowly.
Use SQL Profiler to monitor only the events in which you are interested. If traces are becoming too large, you can filter them based on the information you want, so that only a subset of the event data is collected. Monitoring too many events adds overhead to the server and the monitoring process and can cause the trace file or trace table to grow very large, especially when the monitoring process takes place over a long period of time.
What is User Defined Functions?
User-Defined Functions allow to define its own T-SQL functions that can accept 0 or more parameters and return a single scalar data value or a table data type.
Specifies a search condition for a group or an aggregate. HAVING can be used only with the SELECT statement. HAVING is typically used in a GROUP BY clause. When GROUP BY is not used, HAVING behaves like a WHERE clause. Having Clause is basically used only with the GROUP BY function in a query. WHERE Clause is applied to each row before they are part of the GROUP BY function in a query.
What is sub-query? Explain properties of sub-query.
Sub-queries are often referred to as sub-selects, as they allow a SELECT statement to be executed arbitrarily within the body of another SQL statement. A sub-query is executed by enclosing it in a set of parentheses. Sub-queries are generally used to return a single row as an atomic value, though they may be used to compare values against multiple rows with the IN keyword.
A subquery is a SELECT statement that is nested within another T-SQL statement. A subquery SELECT statement if executed independently of the T-SQL statement, in which it is nested, will return a result set. Meaning a subquery SELECT statement can standalone and is not depended on the statement in which it is nested. A subquery SELECT statement can return any number of values, and can be found in, the column list of a SELECT statement, a FROM, GROUP BY, HAVING, and/or ORDER BY clauses of a T-SQL statement. A Subquery can also be used as a parameter to a function call. Basically a subquery can be used anywhere an expression can be used.
Properties of Sub-Query
A subquery must be enclosed in the parenthesis.
A subquery must be put in the right hand of the comparison operator, and
A subquery cannot contain a ORDER-BY clause.
A query can contain more than one sub-queries.
What are types of sub-queries?
Single-row subquery, where the subquery returns only one row.
Multiple-row subquery, where the subquery returns multiple rows,.and
Multiple column subquery, where the subquery returns multiple columns.
What is SQL Profiler?
SQL Profiler is a graphical tool that allows system administrators to monitor events in an instance of Microsoft SQL Server. You can capture and save data about each event to a file or SQL Server table to analyze later. For example, you can monitor a production environment to see which stored procedures are hampering performance by executing too slowly.
Use SQL Profiler to monitor only the events in which you are interested. If traces are becoming too large, you can filter them based on the information you want, so that only a subset of the event data is collected. Monitoring too many events adds overhead to the server and the monitoring process and can cause the trace file or trace table to grow very large, especially when the monitoring process takes place over a long period of time.
What is User Defined Functions?
User-Defined Functions allow to define its own T-SQL functions that can accept 0 or more parameters and return a single scalar data value or a table data type.
How to avoid Hair Loss
Here are a few solutions to hair loss problems. These tips will help in the regeneration of hair follicles but will not cure the underlying cause of hair loss.
- Make a drink by blending bananas, honey, yogurt and low fat milk. This drink is rich in biotin and will help your hair to have strong roots.
- Ensure your diet is rich in Vitamin B6, zinc and saw palmetto. Use supplements if you cannot get enough from natural food sources.
- Bend your head while you are shampooing and massage your scalp. This will increase blood circulation to the scalp.
- Get rid of stress and this is most dangerous for your lovely hair.
- Get sufficient sleep. Like a healthy body, healthy hair too needs a good night's sleep.
How to Prevent Cancer
Here are the 10 ways to Prevent Cancer...
1. Avoid smoking, whether it be actual smoking or secondhand smoke.
2. Practice sun safety and recognize when skin changes occur.
3. Eat your fruits and veggies.
4. Watch the meats you eat, especially smoked or cured foods.
5. Limit your alcohol intake.
6. Exercise for cancer prevention.
7. Know your personal and family history of cancer.
8. Know what chemicals you are being exposed to in your work environment.
9. Practice safe sex.
10. Be sure to keep up on screening tests like the Pap, mammograms, and DREs.
And always remember – do not smoke or chew tobacco.
1. Avoid smoking, whether it be actual smoking or secondhand smoke.
2. Practice sun safety and recognize when skin changes occur.
3. Eat your fruits and veggies.
4. Watch the meats you eat, especially smoked or cured foods.
5. Limit your alcohol intake.
6. Exercise for cancer prevention.
7. Know your personal and family history of cancer.
8. Know what chemicals you are being exposed to in your work environment.
9. Practice safe sex.
10. Be sure to keep up on screening tests like the Pap, mammograms, and DREs.
And always remember – do not smoke or chew tobacco.
How to prepare for an Interview..?
Preparation is the key to a great interview. Researching the company, practicing common interview questions and knowing what you should bring to an interview will help give you the confidence that you need. You will be able to walk in with a great attitude, a fresh smile and a firm handshake.
What They Will be Looking For at an Interview
Someone else has left the job and they need to be replaced.
They need you to do a bespoke piece of work due to legislation they need to adhere to.
They need you to train some of their staff with the niche skills you offer.
Step 2: Learn About The Company
How many employees
When it was formed. Who started it .
The company mission statement and unique selling proposition (USP).
Which countries has offices in.
Expansion rate of the company.
Annual turnover.
Current share price, and how it has done over time
Recent press statements
Step 3: Write Down the Skills Required in the Job
Replace an existing team member - so some maintenance involved. Wonder why they are leaving?
Good communication skills since I will be speaking to end users.
Probably want some requirements extraction experience.
Small project so should have done deployments, maintenance, testing etc. Whole life cycle.
Can work on my own. So, probably need to be commercially aware. Cost versus benefits etc.
Step 4: Your List of Questions
“So, tell me Bob how long have you been working for XYZ Ltd?”
“I noticed you had an award for XYZ. You must be proud of that?”
You will tend to find the interviewer will ask the inevitable ‘Did you have any trouble getting here?’ Always answer ‘No problem. So, tell me Bob… how did you come to work for XYZ Ltd’. Don’t start going into how you got here, which route you took etc etc. It is boring and they really don’t care. Switch it round and get the conversation talking about them. Take an interest from the start.
Closing Comments
What They Will be Looking For at an Interview
These are some of the things they will be looking for in an interview:
- Do I like this person? Will they fit into the culture with the organisation?
- Is this person a nice person to get on with or do I think they are arrogant with a self inflated ego and delusions of grandeur?
- Is this person going to make me look stupid, or help me to look good?
- Are they presentable? Do they suffer from personal hygiene problems?
- Can they communicate with other human beings?
- Do they perhaps know a little bit more which could help give an edge?
- Do they understand my problems and what would be required of them?
- Do they give an indication of laziness or are they prepared to get stuck in?
- Do I feel they are trying to solve my problems or just trying to get a job regardless?
- Are they a positive person or a merchant of doom?
- Are they a good listener?
- Are they more focused on telling me how great they are or on filling my needs?
- Are they commercially aware of have no understand of cost versus benefit and business goals?
- Do I feel they have a good grasp of their subject matter?
- Do they follow the industry and keep up with the latest advancements?
- Can this person work on their own and use their initiative?
Step 1: Find Out Why They Need You
Someone else has left the job and they need to be replaced.
They need you to do a bespoke piece of work due to legislation they need to adhere to.
They need you to train some of their staff with the niche skills you offer.
Step 2: Learn About The Company
How many employees
When it was formed. Who started it .
The company mission statement and unique selling proposition (USP).
Which countries has offices in.
Expansion rate of the company.
Annual turnover.
Current share price, and how it has done over time
Recent press statements
Step 3: Write Down the Skills Required in the Job
Replace an existing team member - so some maintenance involved. Wonder why they are leaving?
Good communication skills since I will be speaking to end users.
Probably want some requirements extraction experience.
Small project so should have done deployments, maintenance, testing etc. Whole life cycle.
Can work on my own. So, probably need to be commercially aware. Cost versus benefits etc.
Step 4: Your List of Questions
Your list of questions need to follow these guidelines:
The questions you ask must promote discussion about topics which you can demonstrate you have all the skills required for the job.
Your questions must address all of the aspects the interviewer is looking for.
Your questions should also demonstrate that you know just that little bit more than is required. Sort of bonus features if they take you on.
Step 5: Day of The Interview
Before you leave the house, do a quick search on Google to get latest share prices, and any mention of the company in Google news. Having fresh up to the date information on the company will give you extra points when they ask the inevitable first question.
Step 6: Waiting in reception
Get your notes out. Brush up on the company facts. Try and commit your questions to memory.
Step 7: Your Opening Conversation
“So, tell me Bob how long have you been working for XYZ Ltd?”
“I noticed you had an award for XYZ. You must be proud of that?”
You will tend to find the interviewer will ask the inevitable ‘Did you have any trouble getting here?’ Always answer ‘No problem. So, tell me Bob… how did you come to work for XYZ Ltd’. Don’t start going into how you got here, which route you took etc etc. It is boring and they really don’t care. Switch it round and get the conversation talking about them. Take an interest from the start.
Closing Comments
The key to making an interview a success is demonstrating that you understand the needs of the client and that you have the ability to help them and can perhaps provide just that little bit more. Doing your homework in preparation for what is essentially a mini sales pitch makes all the difference.
In a further article I'll drill down into the interview itself and explain how to ensure the interview itself goes smoothly.
Good luck in your job search...!!!
New Year Resolutions 2008
1) Do not waste Water
2) Do not waste Papers unneccessariely
3) Have to plant and MAINTENANCE atleast 5 trees
4) To go to Gym to reduce my weight :)
5) To involve more in Mentoring first generation students
6) To plan to earn money more...
7) Health: To avoid taking tea and non-veg outside home
8) To include more sea foods
9) To see only selected movies and to read selected Books
10) To process all my resolutions :)
2) Do not waste Papers unneccessariely
3) Have to plant and MAINTENANCE atleast 5 trees
4) To go to Gym to reduce my weight :)
5) To involve more in Mentoring first generation students
6) To plan to earn money more...
7) Health: To avoid taking tea and non-veg outside home
8) To include more sea foods
9) To see only selected movies and to read selected Books
10) To process all my resolutions :)
Advantages & Benefits of Learning Karate
Learning Karathe will not lead anyone to violance, instead it develops one's personality.
Advantages & Benefits of Learning Karate:
1) A student of karate must learn courtesy and respect for their fellow students and teachers.
2) Karate is a very disciplined martial art in the way a student has to bow when entering and leaving the dojo, addressing their teacher by calling them "sensei" and in showing no ill feeling or bad temper whilst practicing their art.
3) The concentration levels will improve which has added benefits in School for children, or in the workplace for adults.
4) Karate does not need the use of weapons; men and women of any age can apply it and one can protect themselves effectively with little natural strength
5) Balance is a physical, and mental attribute that is developed as a result of karate training. Balance in the physical sense is acquired by performing drills that make you aware of what your body is doing while in motion. Balance as a mental characteristic is developed as you use karate as a mental stimulant.
6) Karate is an endless learning experience that provides constant challenge keeping you alert and to let your confidence grow.
Advantages & Benefits of Learning Karate:
1) A student of karate must learn courtesy and respect for their fellow students and teachers.
2) Karate is a very disciplined martial art in the way a student has to bow when entering and leaving the dojo, addressing their teacher by calling them "sensei" and in showing no ill feeling or bad temper whilst practicing their art.
3) The concentration levels will improve which has added benefits in School for children, or in the workplace for adults.
4) Karate does not need the use of weapons; men and women of any age can apply it and one can protect themselves effectively with little natural strength
5) Balance is a physical, and mental attribute that is developed as a result of karate training. Balance in the physical sense is acquired by performing drills that make you aware of what your body is doing while in motion. Balance as a mental characteristic is developed as you use karate as a mental stimulant.
6) Karate is an endless learning experience that provides constant challenge keeping you alert and to let your confidence grow.
Thursday, December 27, 2007
SQL Interview Questions & Answers - III
What's the difference between a primary key and a unique key?
Both primary key and unique enforce uniqueness of the column on which they are defined. But by default primary key creates a clustered index on the column, where are unique creates a nonclustered index by default. Another major difference is that, primary key doesn't allow NULLs, but unique key allows one NULL only.
What is difference between DELETE & TRUNCATE commands?
Delete command removes the rows from a table based on the condition that we provide with a WHERE clause. Truncate will actually remove all the rows from a table and there will be no data in the table after we run the truncate command.
TRUNCATE
TRUNCATE is faster and uses fewer system and transaction log resources than DELETE.
TRUNCATE removes the data by deallocating the data pages used to store the table’s data, and only the page deallocations are recorded in the transaction log.
TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table, but the table structure and its columns, constraints, indexes and so on remain. The counter used by an identity for new rows is reset to the seed for the column.
You cannot use TRUNCATE TABLE on a table referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint. Because TRUNCATE TABLE is not logged, it cannot activate a trigger.
TRUNCATE can not be Rolled back.
TRUNCATE is DDL Command.
TRUNCATE Resets identity of the table.
DELETE
DELETE removes rows one at a time and records an entry in the transaction log for each deleted row. If you want to retain the identity counter, use DELETE instead. If you want to remove table definition and its data, use the DROP TABLE statement.
DELETE Can be used with or without a WHERE clause
DELETE Activates Triggers.
DELETE Can be Rolled back.
DELETE is DML Command.
DELETE does not reset identity of the table.
Difference between Function and Stored Procedure?
UDF can be used in the SQL statements anywhere in the WHERE/HAVING/SELECT section where as Stored procedures cannot be.
UDFs that return tables can be treated as another rowset. This can be used in JOINs with other tables.
Inline UDF's can be though of as views that take parameters and can be used in JOINs and other Rowset operations.
When is the use of UPDATE_STATISTICS command?
This command is basically used when a large processing of data has occurred. If a large amount of deletions any modification or Bulk Copy into the tables has occurred, it has to update the indexes to take these changes into account. UPDATE_STATISTICS updates the indexes on these tables accordingly.
What types of Joins are possible with Sql Server?
Joins are used in queries to explain how different tables are related. Joins also let you select data from a table depending upon data from another table.
Types of joins: INNER JOINs, OUTER JOINs, CROSS JOINs. OUTER JOINs are further classified as LEFT OUTER JOINS, RIGHT OUTER JOINS and FULL OUTER JOINS.
Both primary key and unique enforce uniqueness of the column on which they are defined. But by default primary key creates a clustered index on the column, where are unique creates a nonclustered index by default. Another major difference is that, primary key doesn't allow NULLs, but unique key allows one NULL only.
What is difference between DELETE & TRUNCATE commands?
Delete command removes the rows from a table based on the condition that we provide with a WHERE clause. Truncate will actually remove all the rows from a table and there will be no data in the table after we run the truncate command.
TRUNCATE
TRUNCATE is faster and uses fewer system and transaction log resources than DELETE.
TRUNCATE removes the data by deallocating the data pages used to store the table’s data, and only the page deallocations are recorded in the transaction log.
TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table, but the table structure and its columns, constraints, indexes and so on remain. The counter used by an identity for new rows is reset to the seed for the column.
You cannot use TRUNCATE TABLE on a table referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint. Because TRUNCATE TABLE is not logged, it cannot activate a trigger.
TRUNCATE can not be Rolled back.
TRUNCATE is DDL Command.
TRUNCATE Resets identity of the table.
DELETE
DELETE removes rows one at a time and records an entry in the transaction log for each deleted row. If you want to retain the identity counter, use DELETE instead. If you want to remove table definition and its data, use the DROP TABLE statement.
DELETE Can be used with or without a WHERE clause
DELETE Activates Triggers.
DELETE Can be Rolled back.
DELETE is DML Command.
DELETE does not reset identity of the table.
Difference between Function and Stored Procedure?
UDF can be used in the SQL statements anywhere in the WHERE/HAVING/SELECT section where as Stored procedures cannot be.
UDFs that return tables can be treated as another rowset. This can be used in JOINs with other tables.
Inline UDF's can be though of as views that take parameters and can be used in JOINs and other Rowset operations.
When is the use of UPDATE_STATISTICS command?
This command is basically used when a large processing of data has occurred. If a large amount of deletions any modification or Bulk Copy into the tables has occurred, it has to update the indexes to take these changes into account. UPDATE_STATISTICS updates the indexes on these tables accordingly.
What types of Joins are possible with Sql Server?
Joins are used in queries to explain how different tables are related. Joins also let you select data from a table depending upon data from another table.
Types of joins: INNER JOINs, OUTER JOINs, CROSS JOINs. OUTER JOINs are further classified as LEFT OUTER JOINS, RIGHT OUTER JOINS and FULL OUTER JOINS.
TIP to overcome no subject mails in Outlook - Very Useful
Forgot to mention subject, while writing an official mail and feel bad later???????
Yes…. It's a concern for all…. A mail without a subject brings a bad impression on us.
To avoid this, Just follow the simple steps mentioned below and see the result .
Just try this..........
Here below are the steps: -
1. Open your outlook
2. Press Alt+F11. This opens the Visual Basic editor and then Press Ctrl+R which in turn open Project-Project 1 (left side)
3. On the Left Pane, one can see "Microsoft Outlook Objects" or "Project1", expand this. Now one can see the "ThisOutLookSession".
4. Double click on "ThisOutLookSession". It will open up a code pane.
5. Copy and Paste the following code in the right pane. (Code Pane) and save it
Private Sub Application_ItemSend(ByVal Item As Object, Cancel As Boolean)
Dim strSubject As String
strSubject = Item.Subject
If Len(Trim(strSubject)) = 0 Then
Prompt$ = "Subject is Empty. Are you sure you want to send the Mail?"
If MsgBox(Prompt$, vbYesNo + vbQuestion + vbMsgBoxSetForeground, "Check for Subject") = vbNo Then
Cancel = True
End If
End If
End Sub
6. Now whenever u try to send a mail without subject, which will raise a pop-up to remind you
Yes…. It's a concern for all…. A mail without a subject brings a bad impression on us.
To avoid this, Just follow the simple steps mentioned below and see the result .
Just try this..........
Here below are the steps: -
1. Open your outlook
2. Press Alt+F11. This opens the Visual Basic editor and then Press Ctrl+R which in turn open Project-Project 1 (left side)
3. On the Left Pane, one can see "Microsoft Outlook Objects" or "Project1", expand this. Now one can see the "ThisOutLookSession".
4. Double click on "ThisOutLookSession". It will open up a code pane.
5. Copy and Paste the following code in the right pane. (Code Pane) and save it
Private Sub Application_ItemSend(ByVal Item As Object, Cancel As Boolean)
Dim strSubject As String
strSubject = Item.Subject
If Len(Trim(strSubject)) = 0 Then
Prompt$ = "Subject is Empty. Are you sure you want to send the Mail?"
If MsgBox(Prompt$, vbYesNo + vbQuestion + vbMsgBoxSetForeground, "Check for Subject") = vbNo Then
Cancel = True
End If
End If
End Sub
6. Now whenever u try to send a mail without subject, which will raise a pop-up to remind you
HOW TO SURVIVE A HEART ATTACK WHEN ALONE
Since many people are alone when they suffer a heart attack, without help,the person whose heart is beating improperly and who begins to feel faint, has only about 10 seconds left before losing consciousness.
However,these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very vigorously. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and prolonged, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest.
A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without let-up until help arrives, or until the heart is felt to be beating normally again.
Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating. The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm. In this way, heart attack victims can get to a hospital. Tell as many other people as possible about this. It could save their lives!!
BE A FRIEND AND PLEASE SEND AS MAIL ABOUT THIS ARTICLE TO AS MANY FRIENDS AS POSSIBLE
******************************************************************
This message originated from the Internet. Its originator may or may not be who
they claim to be and the information contained in the message and any
attachments may or may not be accurate.
******************************************************************
However,these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very vigorously. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and prolonged, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest.
A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without let-up until help arrives, or until the heart is felt to be beating normally again.
Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating. The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm. In this way, heart attack victims can get to a hospital. Tell as many other people as possible about this. It could save their lives!!
BE A FRIEND AND PLEASE SEND AS MAIL ABOUT THIS ARTICLE TO AS MANY FRIENDS AS POSSIBLE
******************************************************************
This message originated from the Internet. Its originator may or may not be who
they claim to be and the information contained in the message and any
attachments may or may not be accurate.
******************************************************************
Monday, December 24, 2007
MENTORING TIPS - Worth Reading!
MENTOR TIPS
Not sure what to expect from your student? What will you talk about? What will you do? To ease your apprehension, the following list of tips will help you communicate with students, especially in one-on-one situations.
1. Relax and be yourself. Students are quick to pick up pretensions.
2. Be warm and friendly. Learn the child’s name and show interest in what he or she does or says. One of the most important things you can do for a child is listen. Maintain strong eye contact and listen for tone as well as words.
3. Encourage your student to think on his or her own. Allow plenty of time for the student to think through and organize answers.
4. Allow time for the student to talk without interruptions. Show that you are interested in what is said.
5. Make your communications clear, specific and positive. Ask questions when you do not understand or when you feel the student does not understand you.
6. Understand that each student is a unique individual and learns at a different rate. Self-esteem is very important in a child’s success or failure. Help build self-esteem by starting any activity at a level where the student can succeed.
7. Always explain why the information you are giving is important. Try to relate it to real-life events or experiences that the student can understand.
8. Encourage the child at every opportunity. Seek out something in his or her behavior or school work worthy of a positive comment, especially when there are difficulties.
9. Accept each child as he or she is. Use the child’s strengths and weaknesses to your advantage by incorporating them into learning experiences. Never judge the child.
10. Talk with the child about his or her problems. You do not need to solve these problems, but by simply listening, you provide the child with a warm, caring adult in whom the child can trust. Since you won’t have all the facts, be careful not to criticize the people with whom the child has a problem.
11. Personal information is just that – personal. If a student tells you personal information or if a teacher reveals such information to you about a student, regard it as a confidence. See the Volunteer Procedures for more details on this topic.
12. Children love to laugh and have fun, so maintain a sense of humor in dealing with them. Find ways to incorporate fun and excitement into your activities.
13. Be supportive and accepting, but do not condone inappropriate behavior. Be an example rather than an advisor. Be prepared to reinforce the rules of the teacher and school.
14. If you are not going to be visiting with your student that week, send the student a fax to let him or her know that you are still thinking about them.
15. Any contact you have with a student should always end on a positive note.
16. Have Fun!
Not sure what to expect from your student? What will you talk about? What will you do? To ease your apprehension, the following list of tips will help you communicate with students, especially in one-on-one situations.
1. Relax and be yourself. Students are quick to pick up pretensions.
2. Be warm and friendly. Learn the child’s name and show interest in what he or she does or says. One of the most important things you can do for a child is listen. Maintain strong eye contact and listen for tone as well as words.
3. Encourage your student to think on his or her own. Allow plenty of time for the student to think through and organize answers.
4. Allow time for the student to talk without interruptions. Show that you are interested in what is said.
5. Make your communications clear, specific and positive. Ask questions when you do not understand or when you feel the student does not understand you.
6. Understand that each student is a unique individual and learns at a different rate. Self-esteem is very important in a child’s success or failure. Help build self-esteem by starting any activity at a level where the student can succeed.
7. Always explain why the information you are giving is important. Try to relate it to real-life events or experiences that the student can understand.
8. Encourage the child at every opportunity. Seek out something in his or her behavior or school work worthy of a positive comment, especially when there are difficulties.
9. Accept each child as he or she is. Use the child’s strengths and weaknesses to your advantage by incorporating them into learning experiences. Never judge the child.
10. Talk with the child about his or her problems. You do not need to solve these problems, but by simply listening, you provide the child with a warm, caring adult in whom the child can trust. Since you won’t have all the facts, be careful not to criticize the people with whom the child has a problem.
11. Personal information is just that – personal. If a student tells you personal information or if a teacher reveals such information to you about a student, regard it as a confidence. See the Volunteer Procedures for more details on this topic.
12. Children love to laugh and have fun, so maintain a sense of humor in dealing with them. Find ways to incorporate fun and excitement into your activities.
13. Be supportive and accepting, but do not condone inappropriate behavior. Be an example rather than an advisor. Be prepared to reinforce the rules of the teacher and school.
14. If you are not going to be visiting with your student that week, send the student a fax to let him or her know that you are still thinking about them.
15. Any contact you have with a student should always end on a positive note.
16. Have Fun!
Sunday, December 23, 2007
Time Pass - Q & A
Check whether you know the answers for the below Questions
1. What programming language is GOOGLE developed in?
2. What is the expansion of YAHOO?
3. What is the expansion of ADIDAS?
4. Expansion of Star as in Star TV Network?
5. What is expansion of "ICICI?"
6. What does "baker's dozen" signify?
7. The 1984-85 season. 2nd ODI between India and Pakistan at Sialkot - India 210/3 with Vengsarkar 94*. Match abandoned. Why?
8. Who is the only man to have written the National Anthems for two different countries?
9. From what four word expression does the word `goodbye` derive?
10. How was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu better known?
11. Name the only other country to have got independence on Aug 15th?
12. Why was James Bond Associated with the Number 007?
13. Who faced the first ball in the first ever One day match?
14. Which cricketer played for South Africa before it was banned from international cricket and later represented Zimbabwe ?
15. The faces of which four Presidents are carved at Mt.Rushmore?
16. Which is the only country that is surrounded from all sides by only one country (other than Vatican )?
17. Which is the only sport which is not allowed to play left handed?
HERE ARE THE ANSWERS
Answers
1. Google is written in Asynchronous java-script and XML, or its acronym Ajax.
2. Yet Another Hierarchy of Officious Oracle
3. ADIDAS- All Day I Dream About Sports
4. Satellite Television Asian Region
5. Industrial credit and Investments Corporation of India
6. A baker's dozen consists of 13 items - 1 more than the items in a normal dozen
7. That match was abandoned after people heard the news of Indira Gandhi being killed.
8. Rabindranath Tagore who wrote national anthem for two different countries one is our 's National anthem and another one is for Bangladesh- (Amar Sonar* *Bangla)
9. Goodbye comes from the ex-pression: 'god be with you'.
10. Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu is none other Mother Teresa.
11. South Korea .
12. Because 007 is the ISD code for Russia (or the USSR , as it was known during the cold war)
13. Geoffrey Boycott
14. John Traicos
15. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln
16. Lesotho surrounded from all sides by South Africa .
17. Polo.
1. What programming language is GOOGLE developed in?
2. What is the expansion of YAHOO?
3. What is the expansion of ADIDAS?
4. Expansion of Star as in Star TV Network?
5. What is expansion of "ICICI?"
6. What does "baker's dozen" signify?
7. The 1984-85 season. 2nd ODI between India and Pakistan at Sialkot - India 210/3 with Vengsarkar 94*. Match abandoned. Why?
8. Who is the only man to have written the National Anthems for two different countries?
9. From what four word expression does the word `goodbye` derive?
10. How was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu better known?
11. Name the only other country to have got independence on Aug 15th?
12. Why was James Bond Associated with the Number 007?
13. Who faced the first ball in the first ever One day match?
14. Which cricketer played for South Africa before it was banned from international cricket and later represented Zimbabwe ?
15. The faces of which four Presidents are carved at Mt.Rushmore?
16. Which is the only country that is surrounded from all sides by only one country (other than Vatican )?
17. Which is the only sport which is not allowed to play left handed?
HERE ARE THE ANSWERS
Answers
1. Google is written in Asynchronous java-script and XML, or its acronym Ajax.
2. Yet Another Hierarchy of Officious Oracle
3. ADIDAS- All Day I Dream About Sports
4. Satellite Television Asian Region
5. Industrial credit and Investments Corporation of India
6. A baker's dozen consists of 13 items - 1 more than the items in a normal dozen
7. That match was abandoned after people heard the news of Indira Gandhi being killed.
8. Rabindranath Tagore who wrote national anthem for two different countries one is our 's National anthem and another one is for Bangladesh- (Amar Sonar* *Bangla)
9. Goodbye comes from the ex-pression: 'god be with you'.
10. Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu is none other Mother Teresa.
11. South Korea .
12. Because 007 is the ISD code for Russia (or the USSR , as it was known during the cold war)
13. Geoffrey Boycott
14. John Traicos
15. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln
16. Lesotho surrounded from all sides by South Africa .
17. Polo.
Educational Scholarship
If you know any high school student who is a very high scorer but from a poor family, here is a great opportunity to help him/her get a nice scholarship to enter college.
Applications can be obtained by writing to:
Mr.S.Ramanathan,
#17, North St, Kalai Nagar
Madurai - 625014
Ph: 0452-2640678
E-Mail: ramrajam2002@yahoo.com < mailto:ramrajam2002@yahoo.com>
Scholarships are given by "NORTH SOUTH FOUNDATION" of USA, based on exam grades and family situation. The annual family income should be less than Rs 38000 in urban areas and Rs 26000 in rural areas. The scholarship amount mostly covers 100% of tuition fees and ranges from Rs 5000 to Rs 10000 per year.
If called for an interview, 50% of the travel cost will be reimbursed.
Applications can be obtained by writing to:
Mr.S.Ramanathan,
#17, North St, Kalai Nagar
Madurai - 625014
Ph: 0452-2640678
E-Mail: ramrajam2002@yahoo.com < mailto:ramrajam2002@yahoo.com>
Scholarships are given by "NORTH SOUTH FOUNDATION" of USA, based on exam grades and family situation. The annual family income should be less than Rs 38000 in urban areas and Rs 26000 in rural areas. The scholarship amount mostly covers 100% of tuition fees and ranges from Rs 5000 to Rs 10000 per year.
If called for an interview, 50% of the travel cost will be reimbursed.
Management Technique
Indian Brain...Management Technique
This is not a story but a true incident that happened in USA.* An Indian man walked into a bank in New York City one day and asked for
the loan officer.
He told the loan officer that he was going to India on business for two
weeks and needed to borrow $5,000.
The bank officer told him that the bank would need some form of
security for the loan. The Indian man handed
over the keys to a new Ferrari parked on the street in front of the
bank. He produced the title and everything
checked out.
The loan officer agreed to accept the car as collateral for the loan.
The bank's president and its officers all enjoyed a good laugh at the
Indian for using a $250,000 Ferrari as
collateral against a $5,000 loan.
An employee of the bank then drove the Ferrari into the bank's
underground garage and parked it there.
Two weeks later, the Indian returned, repaid the $5,000 and the
interest, which came to $15.41.
The loan officer said, "Sir, we are very happy to have had your
business, and this transaction has worked out very
nicely, but we are a little puzzled. While you were away, we checked
you out and found that you are a multi
millionaire. What puzzles us is, why would you bother to borrow
"$5,000"
The Indian replied: "Where else in New York City can I park my car for
two weeks for only $15.41 and expect it to be there when I return'"
This is not a story but a true incident that happened in USA.* An Indian man walked into a bank in New York City one day and asked for
the loan officer.
He told the loan officer that he was going to India on business for two
weeks and needed to borrow $5,000.
The bank officer told him that the bank would need some form of
security for the loan. The Indian man handed
over the keys to a new Ferrari parked on the street in front of the
bank. He produced the title and everything
checked out.
The loan officer agreed to accept the car as collateral for the loan.
The bank's president and its officers all enjoyed a good laugh at the
Indian for using a $250,000 Ferrari as
collateral against a $5,000 loan.
An employee of the bank then drove the Ferrari into the bank's
underground garage and parked it there.
Two weeks later, the Indian returned, repaid the $5,000 and the
interest, which came to $15.41.
The loan officer said, "Sir, we are very happy to have had your
business, and this transaction has worked out very
nicely, but we are a little puzzled. While you were away, we checked
you out and found that you are a multi
millionaire. What puzzles us is, why would you bother to borrow
"$5,000"
The Indian replied: "Where else in New York City can I park my car for
two weeks for only $15.41 and expect it to be there when I return'"
Interesting Facts
Letters 'a', 'b', 'c' & 'd' do not appear anywhere in the spellings of 1 to 99(Letter'd' comes for the first time in Hundred)
Letters 'a', 'b' & 'c' do not appear anywhere in the spellings of 1 to 999(Letter 'a' comes for the first time in thousand)
Letters 'b' & 'c' do not appear anywhere in the spellings of 1 to 999,999,999(Letter 'b' comes for the first time in Billion)
And
Letter 'c' does not appear anywhere in in the spellings of entire English Counting
Letters 'a', 'b' & 'c' do not appear anywhere in the spellings of 1 to 999(Letter 'a' comes for the first time in thousand)
Letters 'b' & 'c' do not appear anywhere in the spellings of 1 to 999,999,999(Letter 'b' comes for the first time in Billion)
And
Letter 'c' does not appear anywhere in in the spellings of entire English Counting
Saturday, December 22, 2007
Sethu Samudram - a (re)view
Continuing our series on the Sethu Samudram Shipping Canal Project, Shobha Warrier speaks to Captain (retired) H Balakrishnan of the Indian Navy to know a mariner's view of the project. Captain Balakrishnan has been associated with the navy for 32 years.
He was one of the first batch of three Indian naval officers to do specialisation in anti-submarine warfare in the erstwhile USSR Naval War College.
Out of interest, he did a study on the Sethu Samudram Shipping Canal Project from a mariner's point of view. Ever since the series appeared in the Indian Express, the captain has been much sought after for his interesting calculations.
Why did you get interested in the Sethu Samudram Shipping Canal Project?
I don't belong to any political party. It was purely a mariner's interest that made me research the project. There were many reports and statements in the media but I found that the mariner's point of view was not talked about at all. It is sad that even today the entire discourse on the project has got completely side tracked from the main issue; that is, the project is for ships and the shipping industry.
As a mariner, how do you describe the Sethu Samudram project?
The Sethu Samudram project, if I can put it simply from a mariner's stand point, does not make any nautical sense.
Why do you say so?
I have worked on the project from three different perspectives, all concerning the nautical world. I analysed the project in the backdrop of the environmental factors that would impinge the safety of the ship and also the safety of lives at sea. Number two was the security aspects which is maritime terrorism as it stands today. And the third was certain aspects of general navigation.
What does your research on the environmental factors say?
We mariners call the coast between Rameswaram and Cuddalore the cyclone coast. The India Meteorological Department has assigned this coastline as a high risk probability. To site one example, in 1964, the Pamban Bridge was washed away by a severe cyclonic storm.
A ship is safe when she is moving at the onset of a cyclone. Imagine a ship waiting to pick up its pilot as it approaches the Palk Straits to enter Sethu Samudram. No captain will wait for the pilot; his safety lies in heading south, towards Sri Lanka.
The wind and waves bring in a large amount of silt and wash it ashore. The same thing is going to happen to the Sethu Samudram Canal. This brings me to another point. Marine scientists have identified five areas on the Indian coastline they call high-sinkage pits, and one of them happens to be the Palk Straits.
What is left unsaid by the Sethu Samudram authorities is that maintaining the 12 metre depth (of the channel ) will entail round the year dredging. Once you establish the channel, you have to maintain it.
You mean other than the capital expenditure, there will be maintenance expenditure too. Will that be expensive?
Naturally. But this cost is not mentioned anywhere. This is the hidden cost which the authorities will have to pay to the dredging company. It is a high siltation and sedimentation area. So, what you pick up today is going to get filled up the next day.
What is the security threat you spoke about?
The Sea Tigers of the LTTE have control of that area off the Jaffna coast. What the Sea Tigers may do is difficult to say. Piracy exists even today.
Those who are against the project say the 12 metre depth of the Canal is not enough for big ships to pass through the canal. As a mariner, what is your opinion on this?
It is quite true. If you take global shipping trends today, to reduce operating cost, they go in for larger ships of the order of 60,000 deadweight tonnes and above. A 60,000 deadweight tonne carrier will need anything in excess of 17 metres of draft.
And as far as tankers go, the days of the super tanker are gone and you see only very large crude carriers of the type of 150,000 and 185,000 tonnes. It makes more sense to have such big tankers as in one voyage, you are bringing in more cargo and reduce your operating cost.
None of these big ships will ever be able to use the Sethu Samudram. So, the question is, for whom are you building the canal? 30,000 tonnes was alright when Sethu Samudram was conceived in the early fifties and the sixties.
That leaves you with only the coastal bulk carriers that carry coal from Kolkata, Paradeep and Visakhapatanam to Chennai or Tuticorin.
How much time and money are saved if the ships go through the Sethu Samudram Canal instead of going round Sri Lanka?
I plotted physically on a chart what we call 'passage planning' for a bulk carrier on passage as it happens today from Kolkata to Tuticorin; one of them circumnavigating Sri Lanka as is happening today and the other one going through the canal.
The voyage distance from Kolkata to Tuticorin around Sri Lanka works out to 1227 nautical miles. If you went through the canal, it is 1098 nm. So, you are saving just 120 odd nm.
The story doesn't end there. The majority of our bulk carriers go at a speed between 12 and 13 knots. That is the average speed at sea. I have checked with my friends who currently sail. They all said they do 12 knots. However, I worked in a bracket of 12-15 knots. So, if you are going around Sri Lanka at 12 knots at constant speed at sea, the time taken to reach outer anchorage at Tuticorin is 102 hours and 15 minutes.
When you go through Sethu Samudram, the point to be remembered is, you cannot proceed at the speed at which you are sailing at sea. The reason is the shallow water effect or what we call the 'Squat Effect'. So, the moment you enter Sethu Samudram, you have to reduce the sped by 50 per cent or more depending on the conditions prevailing at that particular time. So, I worked on a speed bracket of 6-8 knots. But many of my friends tell me 8 knots is too high for a 30,000 tonne bulk carrier. In all my calculations, I gave the benefit of doubt to the Sethu Samudram project.
The second aspect is, it is not an open seaway; it is like entering a port. A pilot boards the ship, who is a local mariner with greater knowledge of the marine environment. The same thing has to be done at Sethu Samudram also. I have given one hour delay for the ship to reduce speed for the pilot to climb aboard. You repeat the process at the other end too for him to disembark.
With this 6 knots speed and 2 hours pilotage delay, my time to Tuticorin via Sethu Samudram works out to 100 hours 30 minutes. If you went around Sri Lanka, it is 102 hours 15 minutes! So, your net savings in time by going through Sethu Samudram is 1 hour 45 minutes! Is it worth spending Rs 2,400 crore to save 1 hour 45 minutes?
You spoke of travel time. What about the cost?
The Sethu Samudram project from the media reports and the statement given by the finance minister will cost at Rs 2,400 crore, of which Rs 971 crore is through a special purpose vehicle. The debt portion has been pegged at Rs 1,465 crore. Assuming an interest burden of 10 per cent, the interest payment on Rs 1,465 crore is Rs 146 crore per annum. Twenty to 25 years is the time given for repayment.
Assuming 25 years for Rs 1,465 crore, capital repayment works out about 56 crore per annum. So, Rs 146 crore for interest burden and Rs 56 crore as repayment works out to roughly Rs 204 crore per annum which is what the authorities will have to repay to any financial institution. This is only to break-even. But the web site says it is a profitable industry and it is going to make 'mammoth profit'.
As the earning is going to come only from ships, I asked, how many ships are going to transit in a year through the canal? Ships that can use the canal will be coal carrying bulk carriers as long as the Tuticorin thermal power plant exists.
Having made the calculation, I feel they are rather optimistic in their figures. They have given a mean value of about 3,055 ships meant to use the canal in the year 2008 and by the year 2025, they expect it to go to in excess of 7,000 ships. Mind you, for 12 metres of depth! But I can't see more than 1,000 ships using the Sethu Samudram canal in a year.
If you take Rs 204 crore as annual repayment, and 1,000 ships use it, your per ship cost works out to Rs 22 lakhs pilotage charge to break even. There is an interesting comparison done by K S Ramakrishnan, former deputy chairman, Chennai Port Trust. He pegs around Rs 50 lakh as pilotage rate per ship if you have to make a profit.
Then I calculated the fuel consumed. These ships consume 1 metric tonne of fuel per hour, which costs Rs 24,000. For the Sethu Samudram canal, you have to add the pilotage cost too. In effect, if a ship goes through the canal, a shipping company loses Rs 19 lakh per voyage. It is more cost effective to circumnavigate Sri Lanka from the point of view of the shipping industry.
Therefore, neither are you saving time nor is it viable economically. These are the two aspects that need to be highlighted. So, there is absolutely no advantage to the ships and the shipping industry. So, what are we gaining by spending Rs 2,400 crore of tax payers' money? It is a white elephant in the making.
So, you must be against realignment which some political parties are talking about �
Any course, any realignment, is going to prove uneconomical to the shipping industry. If it is of no use to the shipping industry, why build it? You can bring about better economic progress to the southern districts of Tamil Nadu by building expressways. That is why I say the Sethu Samudram shipping canal project makes no nautical sense. That is the tragedy of the project.
Those who support the Sethu Samudram Canal compare it to the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal and say the Sethu Samudram is the Suez of the East.
In the case of the Suez and the Panama canals, ships save thousands of nautical miles in sailing distance and hundreds of hours in sailing time vis- �-vis the Sethu Samudram where a ship will probably save a few hundred miles and at the most twohours in sailing time. This is the difference.
Please DO NOT WASTE food
Not liking the food you have daily?
Junk food mood? Or some diet food today?
The choice we have is endless…….
You can have any of these… or try out little from all…
But..
They have No choice..
They just need some food to survive..
Think of them next time you throw the cafeteria food saying, its not tasty!!
Please DO NOT WASTE food
Junk food mood? Or some diet food today?
The choice we have is endless…….
You can have any of these… or try out little from all…
But..
They have No choice..
They just need some food to survive..
Think of them next time you throw the cafeteria food saying, its not tasty!!
Think of them next time you say .. Roti/Rice here is too hard to eat..
Please DO NOT WASTE food
Scientists Kill Gene that Processes Cholesterol
A new study in mice raises a tantalizing possibility – that humans may one day be able to eat any kind of fat they want without raising their risk of heart disease.
"We deleted an enzyme in mice and they could eat any type of fat and not get heart disease," said Lawrence Rudel, Ph.D., a professor of comparative medicine. "If you’re a mouse, it’s great. Of course, we don’t know yet if it will be the same in humans."
Rudel’s findings are reported online by Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology and will appear in a future print issue.
Source: Wake Forest University
123 Agreement between India and USA
There are lot of talks about 1 2 3 Agreement between India & USA and it almost led to the topple of Central Government. In this mail I am trying
to explain the commercial & technical aspects relating to this Agreement which I have read and sharing with you.
What is 123 Agreement?
This is called 123 Agreement because this comes under USA's Atomic Power Act Section 123.
Let's see how India's (Indians?) Sovereinty & Independence arepledged...
(1) After this Agreement USA will supply all fuel, machinery / equipment& technology to India for producing Nuclear Power.
(2) All these days from about 22 Nuclear Power Plants, India is producing power as well as Atom. It's a high security / secret that
from where which is produced, how much is produced, where it is supplied, what research is being done with that, etc. to anybody. But
if we sign this Agreement, we have to disclose these secrets and also agree to 14 of our Nuclear Power Plants to be under the scanner of
International Atomic Power Organisation.
(3) The fuel utilised to produce Atomic Power can be recycled for reuseand this plant will be under direct supervision of IAPO.
If India does nuclear test, this agreement gets cancelled.
But(1) USA will take back all the machinery / equipments / technologysupplied to India thus far.
(2) Those 14 plants will continue to be under scanner irrespective ofthe status of the agreement.
On the other hand, if any of the commitments given by USA is breached bythem, then there is no clause for cancelling this agreement.
The agreement is apparently like this... USA can either hug India orslap India. India will not ask why are we hugged or why are we slapped.
On the other hand, India cannot hug or slap USA for breach of agreement.
This is only capsule so that easy to read and digest.
Subject: India Pledged.... Part 2
Requirement of Power
The most important requirement for India's Economic Growth in the comingyears will be the power & infrastructure. The argument put forth
favouring the 123 Agreement says that we need Nuclear Power Productionto be increased to meet the demand.
Power Production in India
Presently following are the figures:
Thermal Power 66%
Hydel Power 26%
Solar & Wind Power 5% - Presently Rs.600 Crores are spent for producing this power.
Nuclear Power 3% - If this is to be increased to 6%, it requires additional Rs.50,000 Crores.
Naturally it will be wise to increase other 3 modes of power production rather than the expensive & dangerous Nuclear Power. Isn't??
URANIUM
We used to import Uranium from various other countries. After thePokran Test, we are not getting it. To augment the supply, we need to
sign the 123 Agreement to get Uranium from USA. But we will have to declare to USA from which power plant India takes raw material for
producing Atom Bomb. Why should we disclose our internal secrets to those bitches? Will any one allow an outsider to continuously monitor
what's happening in your Hall & Kitchen of your house? Other study reveals that Uranium is available in India aplenty. Only hurdle is the
acquisition of land. To produce Atomic Power & Bomb in the next 40years, the requirement of Uranium is 25,000 MT whereas the availability
is 78,000 MT across India.
PLUTONIUM
Presently 35% of Plutonium is used to produce Atomic Bombs. Aftersigning the Agreement, we will be allowed to use only 10%. Who are those
bitches to restrict the usage of our natural resource ? That is thoughyou are capable of cooking & eating 10 idlis as your breakfast, you are
allowed only 3 idlis henceforth. How can it be? Why should we acceptthis?
THORIUM
As told by Dr.APJ, we have abundant Thorium. In fact we are the 2nd largest producer of Thorium next only to Australia. India has to
explore this further for producing power. For your information, in South India - particularly around Kanyakumari, the availability of
Thorium is abundant.
INDIA-IRAN-CHINA
USA does not like the amicable relationship between India-Iran and also India-China. If India-China relationship gets stronger, then both these
can rule the Eastern Part of the Globe which USA wants to break as per their divide & rule.
By signing this agreement, USA wants India to depend on it for producingpower which is going to be a crucial factor in future. There is a talk
of bringing Natural Gas from Iran to India with a big pipeline project.USA doesn't like this proposal.
Atomic Power Technology
Whether power is produced or Bomb is produced, using Atomic powerwithout spoiling the infrastructure and without allowing the radiation
is always under threat. Moreover preserving the wastes coming out ofAtomic Power Plants is expensive & unsafe.
There was an accident in Three Miles Island in USA. To close this plantnearly USD 200 Crores spent with tons & tons of concrete but yet to be
fully closed.
In an another accident at Soviet Union's Serbia Plant, even the nextgeneration child are affected due to the radiation.
It will be very very expensive to defuse & close down an Atomic Power Plant than its construction cost.
France
France has got 56 Nuclear Power stations producing 73% of the country's total power requirement. They are catching up the problem of
eliminating the wastes / emissions from out of those plants at the sametime increase the power production capacity. Government of France is
now thinking how to reduce the power consumption in the country.
Conclusion
In view of the above danger, rather than signing the agreement andpledging India to USA, it will be prudent to increase the Solar & Wind
Energy and more importantly Hyder Power Production can be increased bylinking all rivers across India and by constructing DAMS. (Ofcourse Dam
construction projects can be given to L&T's B&F Sector:-)
The whole process of this Agreement started in the year 2005 when Manmohan visited USA. In a span of just 2 years a major decision of
signing this agreement has taken place with political motive. On the contrary, neither this Government nor any other earlier Central
Government could not amend the Constitution thereby nationalise the rivers across the country thereby effectively utilise the water
resources for both Agriculture purpose and producing Hydel Power. What an irony?
Whenever someone is helping the needy, you can't expect the TERMS ANDCONDITIONS BETWEEN THE needy and the helper to be EQUAL??? BUT
(1) the helper's ulterior motive should be seen with broad eye becausehe is capable of digging a grave behind you and
(2) better to be self-sufficient and explore new avenues with availableresources.
INDIA-CHINA-USA
India is very rich in Culture, follow Religions, Value Ethics, Level of Education is Very Good.
China is also rich in Culture, follow Religion, better disciplined.
USA does not have Culture, does not have Ethics, only want power overothers. Particularly wants a firm footing in South Asia. Remember the
introduction EURO by European Countries and it is stronger than Dollar?So their "DAL" cannot be boiled at "EUROPE". They are trying in India
as already Pakistan is in their clutches.
Feedback
Above is only a capsule of information. It will be easy & better to have an interactive session in a Hall with good audience on topics such as this.
(Picked from my e-mail Box)
to explain the commercial & technical aspects relating to this Agreement which I have read and sharing with you.
What is 123 Agreement?
This is called 123 Agreement because this comes under USA's Atomic Power Act Section 123.
Let's see how India's (Indians?) Sovereinty & Independence arepledged...
(1) After this Agreement USA will supply all fuel, machinery / equipment& technology to India for producing Nuclear Power.
(2) All these days from about 22 Nuclear Power Plants, India is producing power as well as Atom. It's a high security / secret that
from where which is produced, how much is produced, where it is supplied, what research is being done with that, etc. to anybody. But
if we sign this Agreement, we have to disclose these secrets and also agree to 14 of our Nuclear Power Plants to be under the scanner of
International Atomic Power Organisation.
(3) The fuel utilised to produce Atomic Power can be recycled for reuseand this plant will be under direct supervision of IAPO.
If India does nuclear test, this agreement gets cancelled.
But(1) USA will take back all the machinery / equipments / technologysupplied to India thus far.
(2) Those 14 plants will continue to be under scanner irrespective ofthe status of the agreement.
On the other hand, if any of the commitments given by USA is breached bythem, then there is no clause for cancelling this agreement.
The agreement is apparently like this... USA can either hug India orslap India. India will not ask why are we hugged or why are we slapped.
On the other hand, India cannot hug or slap USA for breach of agreement.
This is only capsule so that easy to read and digest.
Subject: India Pledged.... Part 2
Requirement of Power
The most important requirement for India's Economic Growth in the comingyears will be the power & infrastructure. The argument put forth
favouring the 123 Agreement says that we need Nuclear Power Productionto be increased to meet the demand.
Power Production in India
Presently following are the figures:
Thermal Power 66%
Hydel Power 26%
Solar & Wind Power 5% - Presently Rs.600 Crores are spent for producing this power.
Nuclear Power 3% - If this is to be increased to 6%, it requires additional Rs.50,000 Crores.
Naturally it will be wise to increase other 3 modes of power production rather than the expensive & dangerous Nuclear Power. Isn't??
URANIUM
We used to import Uranium from various other countries. After thePokran Test, we are not getting it. To augment the supply, we need to
sign the 123 Agreement to get Uranium from USA. But we will have to declare to USA from which power plant India takes raw material for
producing Atom Bomb. Why should we disclose our internal secrets to those bitches? Will any one allow an outsider to continuously monitor
what's happening in your Hall & Kitchen of your house? Other study reveals that Uranium is available in India aplenty. Only hurdle is the
acquisition of land. To produce Atomic Power & Bomb in the next 40years, the requirement of Uranium is 25,000 MT whereas the availability
is 78,000 MT across India.
PLUTONIUM
Presently 35% of Plutonium is used to produce Atomic Bombs. Aftersigning the Agreement, we will be allowed to use only 10%. Who are those
bitches to restrict the usage of our natural resource ? That is thoughyou are capable of cooking & eating 10 idlis as your breakfast, you are
allowed only 3 idlis henceforth. How can it be? Why should we acceptthis?
THORIUM
As told by Dr.APJ, we have abundant Thorium. In fact we are the 2nd largest producer of Thorium next only to Australia. India has to
explore this further for producing power. For your information, in South India - particularly around Kanyakumari, the availability of
Thorium is abundant.
INDIA-IRAN-CHINA
USA does not like the amicable relationship between India-Iran and also India-China. If India-China relationship gets stronger, then both these
can rule the Eastern Part of the Globe which USA wants to break as per their divide & rule.
By signing this agreement, USA wants India to depend on it for producingpower which is going to be a crucial factor in future. There is a talk
of bringing Natural Gas from Iran to India with a big pipeline project.USA doesn't like this proposal.
Atomic Power Technology
Whether power is produced or Bomb is produced, using Atomic powerwithout spoiling the infrastructure and without allowing the radiation
is always under threat. Moreover preserving the wastes coming out ofAtomic Power Plants is expensive & unsafe.
There was an accident in Three Miles Island in USA. To close this plantnearly USD 200 Crores spent with tons & tons of concrete but yet to be
fully closed.
In an another accident at Soviet Union's Serbia Plant, even the nextgeneration child are affected due to the radiation.
It will be very very expensive to defuse & close down an Atomic Power Plant than its construction cost.
France
France has got 56 Nuclear Power stations producing 73% of the country's total power requirement. They are catching up the problem of
eliminating the wastes / emissions from out of those plants at the sametime increase the power production capacity. Government of France is
now thinking how to reduce the power consumption in the country.
Conclusion
In view of the above danger, rather than signing the agreement andpledging India to USA, it will be prudent to increase the Solar & Wind
Energy and more importantly Hyder Power Production can be increased bylinking all rivers across India and by constructing DAMS. (Ofcourse Dam
construction projects can be given to L&T's B&F Sector:-)
The whole process of this Agreement started in the year 2005 when Manmohan visited USA. In a span of just 2 years a major decision of
signing this agreement has taken place with political motive. On the contrary, neither this Government nor any other earlier Central
Government could not amend the Constitution thereby nationalise the rivers across the country thereby effectively utilise the water
resources for both Agriculture purpose and producing Hydel Power. What an irony?
Whenever someone is helping the needy, you can't expect the TERMS ANDCONDITIONS BETWEEN THE needy and the helper to be EQUAL??? BUT
(1) the helper's ulterior motive should be seen with broad eye becausehe is capable of digging a grave behind you and
(2) better to be self-sufficient and explore new avenues with availableresources.
INDIA-CHINA-USA
India is very rich in Culture, follow Religions, Value Ethics, Level of Education is Very Good.
China is also rich in Culture, follow Religion, better disciplined.
USA does not have Culture, does not have Ethics, only want power overothers. Particularly wants a firm footing in South Asia. Remember the
introduction EURO by European Countries and it is stronger than Dollar?So their "DAL" cannot be boiled at "EUROPE". They are trying in India
as already Pakistan is in their clutches.
Feedback
Above is only a capsule of information. It will be easy & better to have an interactive session in a Hall with good audience on topics such as this.
(Picked from my e-mail Box)
Environment - Global Warming
Some of the latest information about Global Warming
Human activities are causing global warming
A recent statistical analysis strengthens evidence that human activities are causing world temperatures to rise. Most climate change scientists model Earth systems from the ground up, attempting to account for all climate driving forces. Unfortunately, small changes in the models can lead to a broad range of outcomes, inviting debate over the actual causes of climate change.
Physicist Pablo F. Verdes of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences in Germany has found a way to avoid the subjective flaws of climate models by applying sophisticated analysis techniques to data from the past hundred and fifty years. The approach mathematically stitches together known facts about the global climate into a more objective and coherent picture.
Can one of the world’s most important mushrooms help fight global warming?
Researchers at the University of Warwick are co-ordinating a global effort to sequence the genome of one of the world’s most important mushrooms - Agaricus bisporus. The secrets of its genetic make up could assist the creation of biofuels, support the effort to manage global carbon, and help remove heavy metals from contaminated soils.
Plants evolved the ability to adapt to changes in climate and environment
A team of John Innes centre scientists lead by Professor Nick Harberd have discovered how plants evolved the ability to adapt to changes in climate and environment. Plants adapt their growth, including key steps in their life cycle such as germination and flowering, to take advantage of environmental conditions.
They can also repress growth when their environment is not favourable. This involves many complex signalling pathways which are integrated by the plant growth hormone gibberellin.
They can also repress growth when their environment is not favourable. This involves many complex signalling pathways which are integrated by the plant growth hormone gibberellin.
Materials that change temperature in magnetic fields could lead to new refrigeration technologies
Materials that change temperature in magnetic fields could lead to new refrigeration technologies that reduce the use of greenhouse gases, thanks to new research at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory and Ames National Laboratory.
Scientists carrying out X-ray experimentation at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne — the nation's most powerful source of X-rays for research — are learning new information about magnetocaloric materials that have potential for environmentally friendly magnetic refrigeration systems.
Scientists carrying out X-ray experimentation at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne — the nation's most powerful source of X-rays for research — are learning new information about magnetocaloric materials that have potential for environmentally friendly magnetic refrigeration systems.
Human-caused nitrogen deposition has been indirectly “fertilizing” forests
Human-caused nitrogen deposition has been indirectly “fertilizing” forests, increasing their growth and sequestering major amounts of carbon, a new study in the journal Nature suggests.
The findings create a more complex view of the carbon cycle in forests, where it was already known that logging or other stand-replacement events – whether natural or not – create periods of 5-20 years when there is a net release of carbon dioxide from forests to the atmosphere, instead of sequestration as they do later on.
Popular Quotes
"Wherever you go, go with all your heart."
"Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life."
"Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall."
"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step."
"If you do not tell the truth about yourself you cannot tell it about other people."
"Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life."
"Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall."
"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step."
"If you do not tell the truth about yourself you cannot tell it about other people."
SQL Interview Questions & Answers - II
What is the difference between clustered and a non-clustered index?
A clustered index is a special type of index that reorders the way records in the table are physically stored. Therefore table can have only one clustered index. The leaf nodes of a clustered index contain the data pages.
A nonclustered index is a special type of index in which the logical order of the index does not match the physical stored order of the rows on disk. The leaf node of a nonclustered index does not consist of the data pages. Instead, the leaf nodes contain index rows.
What are the different index configurations a table can have?
A table can have one of the following index configurations:
No indexes
A clustered index
A clustered index and many nonclustered indexes
A nonclustered index
Many nonclustered indexes
What is cursors?
Cursor is a database object used by applications to manipulate data in a set on a row-by-row basis, instead of the typical SQL commands that operate on all the rows in the set at one time.
In order to work with a cursor we need to perform some steps in the following order:
Declare cursor
Open cursor
Fetch row from the cursor
Process fetched row
Close cursor
Deallocate cursor
What is the use of DBCC commands?
DBCC stands for database consistency checker. We use these commands to check the consistency of the databases, i.e., maintenance, validation task and status checks.
E.g. DBCC CHECKDB - Ensures that tables in the db and the indexes are correctly linked.
DBCC CHECKALLOC - To check that all pages in a db are correctly allocated.
DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP - Checks all tables file group for any damage.
What is a Linked Server?
Linked Servers is a concept in SQL Server by which we can add other SQL Server to a Group and query both the SQL Server dbs using T-SQL Statements. With a linked server, you can create very clean, easy to follow, SQL statements that allow remote data to be retrieved, joined and combined with local data.
Storped Procedure sp_addlinkedserver, sp_addlinkedsrvlogin will be used add new Linked Server.
What is Collation?
Collation refers to a set of rules that determine how data is sorted and compared. Character data is sorted using rules that define the correct character sequence, with options for specifying casesensitivity, accent marks, kana character types and character width.
What are different type of Collation Sensitivity?
Case sensitivity
A and a, B and b, etc.
Accent sensitivity
a and á, o and ó, etc.
Kana Sensitivity
When Japanese kana characters Hiragana and Katakana are treated differently, it is called Kana sensitive.
Width sensitivity
When a single-byte character (half-width) and the same character when represented as a double-byte character (full-width) are treated differently then it is width sensitive.
How to implement one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many relationships while designing tables?
One-to-One relationship can be implemented as a single table and rarely as two tables with primary and foreign key relationships.
One-to-Many relationships are implemented by splitting the data into two tables with primary key and foreign key relationships.
Many-to-Many relationships are implemented using a junction table with the keys from both the tables forming the composite primary key of the junction table.
A clustered index is a special type of index that reorders the way records in the table are physically stored. Therefore table can have only one clustered index. The leaf nodes of a clustered index contain the data pages.
A nonclustered index is a special type of index in which the logical order of the index does not match the physical stored order of the rows on disk. The leaf node of a nonclustered index does not consist of the data pages. Instead, the leaf nodes contain index rows.
What are the different index configurations a table can have?
A table can have one of the following index configurations:
No indexes
A clustered index
A clustered index and many nonclustered indexes
A nonclustered index
Many nonclustered indexes
What is cursors?
Cursor is a database object used by applications to manipulate data in a set on a row-by-row basis, instead of the typical SQL commands that operate on all the rows in the set at one time.
In order to work with a cursor we need to perform some steps in the following order:
Declare cursor
Open cursor
Fetch row from the cursor
Process fetched row
Close cursor
Deallocate cursor
What is the use of DBCC commands?
DBCC stands for database consistency checker. We use these commands to check the consistency of the databases, i.e., maintenance, validation task and status checks.
E.g. DBCC CHECKDB - Ensures that tables in the db and the indexes are correctly linked.
DBCC CHECKALLOC - To check that all pages in a db are correctly allocated.
DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP - Checks all tables file group for any damage.
What is a Linked Server?
Linked Servers is a concept in SQL Server by which we can add other SQL Server to a Group and query both the SQL Server dbs using T-SQL Statements. With a linked server, you can create very clean, easy to follow, SQL statements that allow remote data to be retrieved, joined and combined with local data.
Storped Procedure sp_addlinkedserver, sp_addlinkedsrvlogin will be used add new Linked Server.
What is Collation?
Collation refers to a set of rules that determine how data is sorted and compared. Character data is sorted using rules that define the correct character sequence, with options for specifying casesensitivity, accent marks, kana character types and character width.
What are different type of Collation Sensitivity?
Case sensitivity
A and a, B and b, etc.
Accent sensitivity
a and á, o and ó, etc.
Kana Sensitivity
When Japanese kana characters Hiragana and Katakana are treated differently, it is called Kana sensitive.
Width sensitivity
When a single-byte character (half-width) and the same character when represented as a double-byte character (full-width) are treated differently then it is width sensitive.
How to implement one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many relationships while designing tables?
One-to-One relationship can be implemented as a single table and rarely as two tables with primary and foreign key relationships.
One-to-Many relationships are implemented by splitting the data into two tables with primary key and foreign key relationships.
Many-to-Many relationships are implemented using a junction table with the keys from both the tables forming the composite primary key of the junction table.
Friday, December 21, 2007
10 questions and 10 ‘creative’ Answers
Q. How can you drop a raw egg onto a concrete floor without cracking it?
A. Concrete floors are very hard to crack!
Q. If it took eight men ten hours to build a wall, how long would it take four men to build it?
A. No time at all; as it is already built!
Q. If you had three apples and four oranges in one hand and four apples and three oranges in the other hand, what would you have?
A. Very large hands!
Q. How can you lift an elephant with one hand?
A. It is not a problem, since you will never find an elephant with one hand!
Q. How can a man go eight days without sleep?
A. No problem at all, he sleeps at night!
Q. If you throw a red stone into the blue sea what it will become?
A. It will become wet or sink… as simple as that!
Q. What looks like half apple?
A. The other half!
Q. What can you never eat for breakfast?
A. Dinner!
Q. What happened when wheel was invented?
A. It caused a revolution!
Q. Bay of Bengal is in which state?
A. Liquid!
A. Concrete floors are very hard to crack!
Q. If it took eight men ten hours to build a wall, how long would it take four men to build it?
A. No time at all; as it is already built!
Q. If you had three apples and four oranges in one hand and four apples and three oranges in the other hand, what would you have?
A. Very large hands!
Q. How can you lift an elephant with one hand?
A. It is not a problem, since you will never find an elephant with one hand!
Q. How can a man go eight days without sleep?
A. No problem at all, he sleeps at night!
Q. If you throw a red stone into the blue sea what it will become?
A. It will become wet or sink… as simple as that!
Q. What looks like half apple?
A. The other half!
Q. What can you never eat for breakfast?
A. Dinner!
Q. What happened when wheel was invented?
A. It caused a revolution!
Q. Bay of Bengal is in which state?
A. Liquid!
SQL Interview Questions & Answers - I
What is RDBMS?
Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) are database management systems that maintain data records and indices in tables. Relationships may be created and maintained across and among the data and tables. In a relational database, relationships between data items are expressed by means of tables. Interdependencies among these tables are expressed by data values rather than by pointers. This allows a high degree of data independence. An RDBMS has the capability to recombine the data items from different files, providing powerful tools for data usage.
What is normalization?
Database normalization is a data design and organization process applied to data structures based on rules that help build relational databases. In relational database design, the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy. Normalization usually involves dividing a database into two or more tables and defining relationships between the tables. The objective is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of a field can be made in just one table and then propagated through the rest of the database via the defined relationships.
What are different normalization forms?
1NF: Eliminate Repeating Groups
Make a separate table for each set of related attributes, and give each table a primary key. Each field contains at most one value from its attribute domain.
2NF: Eliminate Redundant Data
If an attribute depends on only part of a multi-valued key, remove it to a separate table.
3NF: Eliminate Columns Not Dependent On Key
If attributes do not contribute to a description of the key, remove them to a separate table. All attributes must be directly dependent on the primary key
BCNF: Boyce-Codd Normal Form
If there are non-trivial dependencies between candidate key attributes, separate them out into distinct tables.
4NF: Isolate Independent Multiple Relationships
No table may contain two or more 1:n or n:m relationships that are not directly related.
5NF: Isolate Semantically Related Multiple Relationships
There may be practical constrains on information that justify separating logically related many-to-many relationships.
ONF: Optimal Normal Form
A model limited to only simple (elemental) facts, as expressed in Object Role Model notation.
DKNF: Domain-Key Normal Form
A model free from all modification anomalies. Remember, these normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 3NF, it must first fulfill all the criteria of a 2NF and 1NF database.
What is Stored Procedure?
A stored procedure is a named group of SQL statements that have been previously created and stored in the server database. Stored procedures accept input parameters so that a single procedure can be used over the network by several clients using different input data. And when the procedure is modified, all clients automatically get the new version. Stored procedures reduce network traffic and improve performance. Stored procedures can be used to help ensure the integrity of the database.
e.g. sp_helpdb, sp_renamedb, sp_depends etc.
What is Trigger?
A trigger is a SQL procedure that initiates an action when an event (INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE) occurs. Triggers are stored in and managed by the DBMS.Triggers are used to maintain the referential integrity of data by changing the data in a systematic fashion. A trigger cannot be called or executed; the DBMS automatically fires the trigger as a result of a data modification to the associated table. Triggers can be viewed as similar to stored procedures in that both consist of procedural logic that is stored at the database level. Stored procedures, however, are not event-drive and are not attached to a specific table as triggers are. Stored procedures are explicitly executed by invoking a CALL to the procedure while triggers are implicitly executed. In addition, triggers can also execute stored procedures.
Nested Trigger: A trigger can also contain INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE logic within itself, so when the trigger is fired because of data modification it can also cause another data modification, thereby firing another trigger. A trigger that contains data modification logic within itself is called a nested trigger.
What is View?
A simple view can be thought of as a subset of a table. It can be used for retrieving data, as well as updating or deleting rows. Rows updated or deleted in the view are updated or deleted in the table the view was created with. It should also be noted that as data in the original table changes, so does data in the view, as views are the way to look at part of the original table. The results of using a view are not permanently stored in the database. The data accessed through a view is actually constructed using standard T-SQL select command and can come from one to many different base tables or even other views.
What is Index?
An index is a physical structure containing pointers to the data. Indices are created in an existing table to locate rows more quickly and efficiently. It is possible to create an index on one or more columns of a table, and each index is given a name. The users cannot see the indexes, they are just used to speed up queries. Effective indexes are one of the best ways to improve performance in a database application. A table scan happens when there is no index available to help a query. In a table scan SQL Server examines every row in the table to satisfy the query results. Table scans are sometimes unavoidable, but on large tables, scans have a terrific impact on performance. Clustered indexes define the physical sorting of a database table’s rows in the storage media. For this reason, each database table may have only one clustered index.
Non-clustered indexes are created outside of the database table and contain a sorted list of references to the table itself.
Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) are database management systems that maintain data records and indices in tables. Relationships may be created and maintained across and among the data and tables. In a relational database, relationships between data items are expressed by means of tables. Interdependencies among these tables are expressed by data values rather than by pointers. This allows a high degree of data independence. An RDBMS has the capability to recombine the data items from different files, providing powerful tools for data usage.
What is normalization?
Database normalization is a data design and organization process applied to data structures based on rules that help build relational databases. In relational database design, the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy. Normalization usually involves dividing a database into two or more tables and defining relationships between the tables. The objective is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of a field can be made in just one table and then propagated through the rest of the database via the defined relationships.
What are different normalization forms?
1NF: Eliminate Repeating Groups
Make a separate table for each set of related attributes, and give each table a primary key. Each field contains at most one value from its attribute domain.
2NF: Eliminate Redundant Data
If an attribute depends on only part of a multi-valued key, remove it to a separate table.
3NF: Eliminate Columns Not Dependent On Key
If attributes do not contribute to a description of the key, remove them to a separate table. All attributes must be directly dependent on the primary key
BCNF: Boyce-Codd Normal Form
If there are non-trivial dependencies between candidate key attributes, separate them out into distinct tables.
4NF: Isolate Independent Multiple Relationships
No table may contain two or more 1:n or n:m relationships that are not directly related.
5NF: Isolate Semantically Related Multiple Relationships
There may be practical constrains on information that justify separating logically related many-to-many relationships.
ONF: Optimal Normal Form
A model limited to only simple (elemental) facts, as expressed in Object Role Model notation.
DKNF: Domain-Key Normal Form
A model free from all modification anomalies. Remember, these normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 3NF, it must first fulfill all the criteria of a 2NF and 1NF database.
What is Stored Procedure?
A stored procedure is a named group of SQL statements that have been previously created and stored in the server database. Stored procedures accept input parameters so that a single procedure can be used over the network by several clients using different input data. And when the procedure is modified, all clients automatically get the new version. Stored procedures reduce network traffic and improve performance. Stored procedures can be used to help ensure the integrity of the database.
e.g. sp_helpdb, sp_renamedb, sp_depends etc.
What is Trigger?
A trigger is a SQL procedure that initiates an action when an event (INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE) occurs. Triggers are stored in and managed by the DBMS.Triggers are used to maintain the referential integrity of data by changing the data in a systematic fashion. A trigger cannot be called or executed; the DBMS automatically fires the trigger as a result of a data modification to the associated table. Triggers can be viewed as similar to stored procedures in that both consist of procedural logic that is stored at the database level. Stored procedures, however, are not event-drive and are not attached to a specific table as triggers are. Stored procedures are explicitly executed by invoking a CALL to the procedure while triggers are implicitly executed. In addition, triggers can also execute stored procedures.
Nested Trigger: A trigger can also contain INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE logic within itself, so when the trigger is fired because of data modification it can also cause another data modification, thereby firing another trigger. A trigger that contains data modification logic within itself is called a nested trigger.
What is View?
A simple view can be thought of as a subset of a table. It can be used for retrieving data, as well as updating or deleting rows. Rows updated or deleted in the view are updated or deleted in the table the view was created with. It should also be noted that as data in the original table changes, so does data in the view, as views are the way to look at part of the original table. The results of using a view are not permanently stored in the database. The data accessed through a view is actually constructed using standard T-SQL select command and can come from one to many different base tables or even other views.
What is Index?
An index is a physical structure containing pointers to the data. Indices are created in an existing table to locate rows more quickly and efficiently. It is possible to create an index on one or more columns of a table, and each index is given a name. The users cannot see the indexes, they are just used to speed up queries. Effective indexes are one of the best ways to improve performance in a database application. A table scan happens when there is no index available to help a query. In a table scan SQL Server examines every row in the table to satisfy the query results. Table scans are sometimes unavoidable, but on large tables, scans have a terrific impact on performance. Clustered indexes define the physical sorting of a database table’s rows in the storage media. For this reason, each database table may have only one clustered index.
Non-clustered indexes are created outside of the database table and contain a sorted list of references to the table itself.
Thursday, December 20, 2007
Movies in Chennai
Movies in Sathyam Cinemas
I Am Legend @ Sathyam - 4.00 & 10.00pm
Taare Zameen Par @ Sathyam - 11.30am, 3, 6.30, 10pm
Special Morning Shows On 21, 22, 23 and 25th December 2007
Billa - 8.30am, 8.45am & 10.00 am
Taare Zameen Par - 10.00 am
Enjoy your Holidays
I Am Legend @ Sathyam - 4.00 & 10.00pm
Taare Zameen Par @ Sathyam - 11.30am, 3, 6.30, 10pm
Special Morning Shows On 21, 22, 23 and 25th December 2007
Billa - 8.30am, 8.45am & 10.00 am
Taare Zameen Par - 10.00 am
Enjoy your Holidays
How much water do you need a day?
Water is an important structural component of skin cartilage, tissues and organs. For human beings, every part of the body is dependent on water. Our body comprises about 75% water: the brain has 85%, blood is 90%, muscles are 75%, kidney is 82% and bones are 22% water. The functions of our glands and organs will eventually deteriorate if they are not nourished with good, clean water.
The average adult loses about 2.5 litres water daily through perspiration, breathing and elimination. Symptoms of the body's deterioration begins to appear when the body loses 5% of its total water volume. In a healthy adult, this is seen as fatigue and general discomfort, whereas for an infant, it can be dehydrating. In an elderly person, a 5% water loss causes the body chemistry to become abnormal, especially if the percentage of electrolytes is overbalanced with sodium.One can usually see symptoms of aging, such as wrinkles, lethargy and even disorientation. Continuous water loss over time will speed up aging as well as increase risks of diseases.
If your body is not sufficiently hydrated, the cells will draw water from your bloodstream, which will make your heart work harder. At the same time, the kidneys cannot purify blood effectively. When this happens, some of the kidney's workload is passed on to the liver and other organs, which may cause them to be severely stressed. Additionally, you may develop a number of minor health conditions such as constipation, dry and itchy skin, acne, nosebleeds, urinary tract infection, coughs, sneezing, sinus pressure, and headaches.
So, how much water is enough for you? The minimum amount of water you need depends on your body weight. A more accurate calculation, is to drink an ounce of water for every two pounds of body weight.
i.e.
YOU NEED TO DRINK THIS AMOUNT OF WATER PER DAY = (((Your Weight x 2.2)/2/15)*450 ) / 1000 Ltrs.
The average adult loses about 2.5 litres water daily through perspiration, breathing and elimination. Symptoms of the body's deterioration begins to appear when the body loses 5% of its total water volume. In a healthy adult, this is seen as fatigue and general discomfort, whereas for an infant, it can be dehydrating. In an elderly person, a 5% water loss causes the body chemistry to become abnormal, especially if the percentage of electrolytes is overbalanced with sodium.One can usually see symptoms of aging, such as wrinkles, lethargy and even disorientation. Continuous water loss over time will speed up aging as well as increase risks of diseases.
If your body is not sufficiently hydrated, the cells will draw water from your bloodstream, which will make your heart work harder. At the same time, the kidneys cannot purify blood effectively. When this happens, some of the kidney's workload is passed on to the liver and other organs, which may cause them to be severely stressed. Additionally, you may develop a number of minor health conditions such as constipation, dry and itchy skin, acne, nosebleeds, urinary tract infection, coughs, sneezing, sinus pressure, and headaches.
So, how much water is enough for you? The minimum amount of water you need depends on your body weight. A more accurate calculation, is to drink an ounce of water for every two pounds of body weight.
i.e.
YOU NEED TO DRINK THIS AMOUNT OF WATER PER DAY = (((Your Weight x 2.2)/2/15)*450 ) / 1000 Ltrs.
Oracle SQL FAQ - Part II
How to generate primary key values for a table?
Create your table with a NOT NULL column (say SEQNO). This column can now be populated with unique values:
SQL> UPDATE table_name SET seqno = ROWNUM;
or use a sequences generator:
SQL> CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1;
SQL> UPDATE table_name SET seqno = sequence_name.NEXTVAL;
Finally, create a unique index on this column.
How to retrieve only the Nth row from a table?
Solution 1 to select the Nth row from a table:
SELECT * FROM t1 a
WHERE n = (SELECT COUNT(rowid)
FROM t1 b
WHERE a.rowid >= b.rowid);
Solution 2:
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT ENAME,ROWNUM RN FROM EMP WHERE ROWNUM < 101 )
WHERE RN = 100;
Note: In this first query we select one more than the required row number, then we select the required one. Its far better than using a MINUS operation.
Solution 3:
SELECT f1 FROM t1
WHERE rowid = (
SELECT rowid FROM t1
WHERE rownum <= 10
MINUS
SELECT rowid FROM t1
WHERE rownum < 10);
SELECT rownum,empno FROM scott.emp a
GROUP BY rownum,empno HAVING rownum = 4;
Alternatively...
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE rownum=1 AND rowid NOT IN
(SELECT rowid FROM emp WHERE rownum < 10);
Please note, there is no explicit row order in a relational database. However, this query is quite fun and may even help in the odd situation.
How to drop a column from a table?
From Oracle8i one can DROP a column from a table. Look at this sample script, demonstrating the ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name; command.
Other workarounds:
1. SQL> update t1 set column_to_drop = NULL;
SQL> rename t1 to t1_base;
SQL> create view t1 as select from t1_base;
2. SQL> create table t2 as select from t1;
SQL> drop table t1;
SQL> rename t2 to t1;
How to rename a column in a table?
From Oracle9i one can RENAME a column from a table. Look at this example:
ALTER TABLE tablename RENAME COLUMN oldcolumn TO newcolumn;
Other workarounds:
1. -- Use a view with correct column names...
rename t1 to t1_base;
create view t1 as select * from t1_base;
2. -- Recreate the table with correct column names...
create table t2 as select * from t1;
drop table t1;
rename t2 to t1;
3. -- Add a column with a new name and drop an old column...
alter table t1 add ( newcolame datatype );
update t1 set newcolname=oldcolname;
alter table t1 drop column oldcolname;
How can I change my Oracle password?
Issue the following SQL command: ALTER USER IDENTIFIED BY
/
From Oracle8 you can just type "password" from SQL*Plus, or if you need to change another user's password, type "password user_name".
Create your table with a NOT NULL column (say SEQNO). This column can now be populated with unique values:
SQL> UPDATE table_name SET seqno = ROWNUM;
or use a sequences generator:
SQL> CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1;
SQL> UPDATE table_name SET seqno = sequence_name.NEXTVAL;
Finally, create a unique index on this column.
How to retrieve only the Nth row from a table?
Solution 1 to select the Nth row from a table:
SELECT * FROM t1 a
WHERE n = (SELECT COUNT(rowid)
FROM t1 b
WHERE a.rowid >= b.rowid);
Solution 2:
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT ENAME,ROWNUM RN FROM EMP WHERE ROWNUM < 101 )
WHERE RN = 100;
Note: In this first query we select one more than the required row number, then we select the required one. Its far better than using a MINUS operation.
Solution 3:
SELECT f1 FROM t1
WHERE rowid = (
SELECT rowid FROM t1
WHERE rownum <= 10
MINUS
SELECT rowid FROM t1
WHERE rownum < 10);
SELECT rownum,empno FROM scott.emp a
GROUP BY rownum,empno HAVING rownum = 4;
Alternatively...
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE rownum=1 AND rowid NOT IN
(SELECT rowid FROM emp WHERE rownum < 10);
Please note, there is no explicit row order in a relational database. However, this query is quite fun and may even help in the odd situation.
How to drop a column from a table?
From Oracle8i one can DROP a column from a table. Look at this sample script, demonstrating the ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name; command.
Other workarounds:
1. SQL> update t1 set column_to_drop = NULL;
SQL> rename t1 to t1_base;
SQL> create view t1 as select
2. SQL> create table t2 as select
SQL> drop table t1;
SQL> rename t2 to t1;
How to rename a column in a table?
From Oracle9i one can RENAME a column from a table. Look at this example:
ALTER TABLE tablename RENAME COLUMN oldcolumn TO newcolumn;
Other workarounds:
1. -- Use a view with correct column names...
rename t1 to t1_base;
create view t1
2. -- Recreate the table with correct column names...
create table t2
drop table t1;
rename t2 to t1;
3. -- Add a column with a new name and drop an old column...
alter table t1 add ( newcolame datatype );
update t1 set newcolname=oldcolname;
alter table t1 drop column oldcolname;
How can I change my Oracle password?
Issue the following SQL command: ALTER USER
/
From Oracle8 you can just type "password" from SQL*Plus, or if you need to change another user's password, type "password user_name".
Oracle SQL FAQ - Part I
What is SQL and where does it come from?
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a language that provides an interface to relational database systems. SQL was developed by IBM in the 1970s for use in System R, and is a de facto standard, as well as an ISO and ANSI standard. SQL is often pronounced SEQUEL.
In common usage SQL also encompasses DML (Data Manipulation Language), for INSERTs, UPDATEs, DELETEs and DDL (Data Definition Language), used for creating and modifying tables and other database structures.
The development of SQL is governed by standards. A major revision to the SQL standard was completed in 1992, called SQL2. SQL3 support object extensions and are (partially?) implemented in Oracle8 and 9.
What are the difference between DDL, DML and DCL commands?
DDL is Data Definition Language statements. Some examples:
CREATE - to create objects in the database
ALTER - alters the structure of the database
DROP - delete objects from the database
TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed
COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database
REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command
DML is Data Manipulation Language statements. Some examples:
SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
INSERT - insert data into a table
UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
LOCK TABLE - control concurrency
DCL is Data Control Language statements. Some examples:
COMMIT - save work done
SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back
ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT
SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like what rollback segment to use
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a language that provides an interface to relational database systems. SQL was developed by IBM in the 1970s for use in System R, and is a de facto standard, as well as an ISO and ANSI standard. SQL is often pronounced SEQUEL.
In common usage SQL also encompasses DML (Data Manipulation Language), for INSERTs, UPDATEs, DELETEs and DDL (Data Definition Language), used for creating and modifying tables and other database structures.
The development of SQL is governed by standards. A major revision to the SQL standard was completed in 1992, called SQL2. SQL3 support object extensions and are (partially?) implemented in Oracle8 and 9.
What are the difference between DDL, DML and DCL commands?
DDL is Data Definition Language statements. Some examples:
CREATE - to create objects in the database
ALTER - alters the structure of the database
DROP - delete objects from the database
TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed
COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database
REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command
DML is Data Manipulation Language statements. Some examples:
SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
INSERT - insert data into a table
UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
LOCK TABLE - control concurrency
DCL is Data Control Language statements. Some examples:
COMMIT - save work done
SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back
ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT
SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like what rollback segment to use
Wednesday, December 19, 2007
Christmas Gift from Bush
What you all expect as a gift from Bush for Christmas...?
Do post your comments.
Do post your comments.
Another Excellent Product from Google!!!
Visit this URL. Another excellent product from Google!!!
http://www.google.com/transliterate/indic/Tamil
http://www.google.com/transliterate/indic/Telugu
http://www.google.com/transliterate/indic/Malayalam
http://www.google.com/transliterate/indic/Kannada
Type any Malayalam/Tamil/regional language word in English (same way as we pronounce it) and press "SPACE bar"...
It gets translated to that regional language. That too, it is very accurate !!!!!
World Class Pictures - Don't Miss
Terrorism
Suicide Scenario
Poverty
Population
LOC Problem
Leader
Humanity
Environment
Suicide Scenario
Poverty
Population
LOC Problem
Leader
Humanity
Environment
Health - Save Liver Save Life
The Main Causes of LIVER damage are:
1. Sleeping too late and waking up too late are main cause.
2. Not urinating in the morning.
3. Too much eating.
4. Skipping breakfast.
5. Consuming too much medication.
6. Consuming too much preservatives, additives, food coloring, and artificial sweetener.
7. Consuming unhealthy cooking oil. As much as possible reduce cooking oil use when frying, which includes even the best cooking oils like olive oil. Do not consume fried foods when you are tired, except if the body is very fit.
8. Consuming raw (overly done) foods also add to the burden of liver. Veggies should be eaten raw or cooked 3-5 parts. Fried veggies should be finished in one sitting, do not store.
We should prevent this without necessarily spending more. We just have to adopt a good daily lifestyle and eating habits. Maintaining good eating habits and time condition are very important for our bodies to absorb and get rid of unnecessary chemicals according to "schedule."
Because:
Evening at 9 - 11pm: is the time for eliminating unnecessary/toxic chemicals (detoxification) from the antibody system (lymph nodes). This time duration should be spent by relaxing or listening to music. If during this time a housewife is still in an unrelaxed state such as washing the dishes or monitoring children doing their homework, this will have a negative impact on health.
Evening at 11pm - 1am : is the detoxification process in the liver, and ideally should be done in a deep sleep state.
Early morning 1 - 3am : detoxification process in the gall, also ideally done in a deep sleep state.
Early morning 3 - 5am : detoxification in the lungs. Therefore there will sometimes be a severe cough for cough sufferers during this time. Since the detoxification process had reached the respiratory tract, there is no need to take cough medicine so as not to interfere with toxin removal process.
Morning 5 - 7am : detoxification in the colon, you should empty your bowel.
Morning 7 - 9am : absorption of nutrients in the small intestine, you should be having breakfast at this time.Breakfast should be earlier, before 6:30am, for those who are sick. Breakfast before 7:30am is very beneficial to those wanting to stay fit. Those who always skip breakfast, they should change their habits, and it is still better to eat breakfast late until 9 - 10am rather than no meal at all.
Sleeping so late and waking up too late will disrupt the process of removing unnecessary chemicals. Aside from that, midnight to 4:00 am is the time when the bone marrow produces blood. Therefore, have a good sleep and don't sleep late.
1. Sleeping too late and waking up too late are main cause.
2. Not urinating in the morning.
3. Too much eating.
4. Skipping breakfast.
5. Consuming too much medication.
6. Consuming too much preservatives, additives, food coloring, and artificial sweetener.
7. Consuming unhealthy cooking oil. As much as possible reduce cooking oil use when frying, which includes even the best cooking oils like olive oil. Do not consume fried foods when you are tired, except if the body is very fit.
8. Consuming raw (overly done) foods also add to the burden of liver. Veggies should be eaten raw or cooked 3-5 parts. Fried veggies should be finished in one sitting, do not store.
We should prevent this without necessarily spending more. We just have to adopt a good daily lifestyle and eating habits. Maintaining good eating habits and time condition are very important for our bodies to absorb and get rid of unnecessary chemicals according to "schedule."
Because:
Evening at 9 - 11pm: is the time for eliminating unnecessary/toxic chemicals (detoxification) from the antibody system (lymph nodes). This time duration should be spent by relaxing or listening to music. If during this time a housewife is still in an unrelaxed state such as washing the dishes or monitoring children doing their homework, this will have a negative impact on health.
Evening at 11pm - 1am : is the detoxification process in the liver, and ideally should be done in a deep sleep state.
Early morning 1 - 3am : detoxification process in the gall, also ideally done in a deep sleep state.
Early morning 3 - 5am : detoxification in the lungs. Therefore there will sometimes be a severe cough for cough sufferers during this time. Since the detoxification process had reached the respiratory tract, there is no need to take cough medicine so as not to interfere with toxin removal process.
Morning 5 - 7am : detoxification in the colon, you should empty your bowel.
Morning 7 - 9am : absorption of nutrients in the small intestine, you should be having breakfast at this time.Breakfast should be earlier, before 6:30am, for those who are sick. Breakfast before 7:30am is very beneficial to those wanting to stay fit. Those who always skip breakfast, they should change their habits, and it is still better to eat breakfast late until 9 - 10am rather than no meal at all.
Sleeping so late and waking up too late will disrupt the process of removing unnecessary chemicals. Aside from that, midnight to 4:00 am is the time when the bone marrow produces blood. Therefore, have a good sleep and don't sleep late.
Health - Avoid BRAIN Damage
The Main Causes of BRAIN damage are:
1. No Breakfast
People who do not take breakfast are going to have a lower blood sugar level.
This leads to an insufficient supply of nutrients to the brain causing brain degeneration.
2. Overeating
It causes hardening of the brain arteries, leading to a decrease in mental power.
3. Smoking
It causes multiple brain shrinkage and may lead to Alzheimer disease.
4. High Sugar consumption
Too much sugar will interrupt the absorption of proteins and nutrients causing malnutrition and may interfere with brain development.
5. Air Pollution
The brain is the largest oxygen consumer in our body. Inhaling polluted air decreases the supply of oxygen to the brain, bringing about a decrease in brain efficiency.
6. Sleep Deprivation
Sleep allows our brain to rest. Long term deprivation from sleep will accelerate the death of brain cells.
7. Head covered while sleeping
Sleeping with the head covered, increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and decrease concentration of oxygen that may lead to brain damaging effects.
8. Working your brain during illness
Working hard or studying with sickness may lead to a decrease in effectiveness of the brain as well as damage the brain.
9. Lacking in stimulating thoughts
Thinking is the best way to train our brain, lacking in brain stimulation thoughts may cause brain shrinkage.
10. Talking Rarely
Intellectual conversations will promote the efficiency of the brain
1. No Breakfast
People who do not take breakfast are going to have a lower blood sugar level.
This leads to an insufficient supply of nutrients to the brain causing brain degeneration.
2. Overeating
It causes hardening of the brain arteries, leading to a decrease in mental power.
3. Smoking
It causes multiple brain shrinkage and may lead to Alzheimer disease.
4. High Sugar consumption
Too much sugar will interrupt the absorption of proteins and nutrients causing malnutrition and may interfere with brain development.
5. Air Pollution
The brain is the largest oxygen consumer in our body. Inhaling polluted air decreases the supply of oxygen to the brain, bringing about a decrease in brain efficiency.
6. Sleep Deprivation
Sleep allows our brain to rest. Long term deprivation from sleep will accelerate the death of brain cells.
7. Head covered while sleeping
Sleeping with the head covered, increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and decrease concentration of oxygen that may lead to brain damaging effects.
8. Working your brain during illness
Working hard or studying with sickness may lead to a decrease in effectiveness of the brain as well as damage the brain.
9. Lacking in stimulating thoughts
Thinking is the best way to train our brain, lacking in brain stimulation thoughts may cause brain shrinkage.
10. Talking Rarely
Intellectual conversations will promote the efficiency of the brain
Tuesday, December 18, 2007
Interesting Facts - I
1. If you are right handed, you will tend to chew your food on your right side. If you are left handed, you will tend to chew your food on your left side.
2. If you stop getting thirsty, you need to drink more water. For when a human body is dehydrated, its thirst mechanism shuts off.
3. Chewing gum while peeling onions will keep you from crying.
4. Your tongue is germ free only if it is pink. If it is white there is a thin film of bacteria on it.
5. The Mercedes-Benz motto is “Das Beste oder Nichts” meaning “the best or nothing”.
6. The Titanic was the first ship to use the SOS signal.
7. The pupil of the eye expands as much as 45 percent when a person looks at something pleasing.
8. The average person who stops smoking requires one hour less sleep a night.
9. Laughing lowers levels of stress hormones and strengthens the immune system. Six-year-olds laugh an average of 300 times a day. Adults only laugh 15 to 100 times a day.
10. The roar that we hear when we place a seashell next to our ear is not the ocean, but rather the sound of blood surging through the veins in the ear.
2. If you stop getting thirsty, you need to drink more water. For when a human body is dehydrated, its thirst mechanism shuts off.
3. Chewing gum while peeling onions will keep you from crying.
4. Your tongue is germ free only if it is pink. If it is white there is a thin film of bacteria on it.
5. The Mercedes-Benz motto is “Das Beste oder Nichts” meaning “the best or nothing”.
6. The Titanic was the first ship to use the SOS signal.
7. The pupil of the eye expands as much as 45 percent when a person looks at something pleasing.
8. The average person who stops smoking requires one hour less sleep a night.
9. Laughing lowers levels of stress hormones and strengthens the immune system. Six-year-olds laugh an average of 300 times a day. Adults only laugh 15 to 100 times a day.
10. The roar that we hear when we place a seashell next to our ear is not the ocean, but rather the sound of blood surging through the veins in the ear.
FreeRice - Click to Help..!
In its first two months of going online, FreeRice (www.freerice.com), an internet word game, has generated enough rice to feed 50,000 people for a day. For every click on a correct answer, the website donates money to buy 10 grains of rice. It has now raised one billion grains of rice. That’s enough rice to feed 50,000 people for a day! What an innovative way to keep hunger at bay!
Languages - Unbelievable!!!
Today, there are more than 2,700 different languages spoken in the world, with more than 7,000 dialects. In Indonesia alone, 365 different languages are spoken. More than 1,000 different languages are spoken in Africa. The most difficult language to learn is Basque, which is spoken in north-western Spain and south-western France. Mandarin is the most spoken language in the world, followed by English. But as a home language, Spanish is the second most spoken in the world. As for India, we have 29 official languages. The dialects add up to around 2000!!!
Know Your Brain - Interesting
The weight of an average human brain is about 1300-1400g - @ 3lbs i.e., almost one bag of sugar. It's smaller than an elephant's brain (6000g) but bigger than
a monkey's brain (95g)! Your brain uses approximately 20% of the total oxygen pumping around your body and about 750ml of blood pumps through your brain every minute!
Your skin weighs twice as much as your brain! And did you know the human brain is approximately 75% water?
New Tech - Storing Enery in Papers
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new energy storage device that easily could be mistaken for a simple sheet of black paper.
The nanoengineered battery is lightweight, ultra thin, completely flexible, and geared toward meeting the trickiest design and energy requirements of tomorrow’s gadgets, implantable medical equipment, and transportation vehicles.
Along with its ability to function in temperatures up to 300 degrees Fahrenheit and down to 100 below zero, the device is completely integrated and can be printed like paper. The device is also unique in that it can function as both a high-energy battery and a high-power supercapacitor, which are generally separate components in most electrical systems. Another key feature is the capability to use human blood or sweat to help power the battery.
The nanoengineered battery is lightweight, ultra thin, completely flexible, and geared toward meeting the trickiest design and energy requirements of tomorrow’s gadgets, implantable medical equipment, and transportation vehicles.
Along with its ability to function in temperatures up to 300 degrees Fahrenheit and down to 100 below zero, the device is completely integrated and can be printed like paper. The device is also unique in that it can function as both a high-energy battery and a high-power supercapacitor, which are generally separate components in most electrical systems. Another key feature is the capability to use human blood or sweat to help power the battery.
Indian Scholars Mathematics
A little known school of scholars in southwest India discovered one of the founding principles of modern mathematics hundreds of years before Newton – according to new research.
Dr George Gheverghese Joseph from The University of Manchester says the ‘Kerala School’ identified the ‘infinite series ’- one of the basic components of calculus - in about 1350.
The discovery is currently - and wrongly - attributed in books to Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibnitz at the end of the seventeenth centuries.
The team from the Universities of Manchester and Exeter reveal the Kerala School also discovered what amounted to the Pi series and used it to calculate Pi correct to 9, 10 and later 17 decimal places.
Dr George Gheverghese Joseph from The University of Manchester says the ‘Kerala School’ identified the ‘infinite series ’- one of the basic components of calculus - in about 1350.
The discovery is currently - and wrongly - attributed in books to Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibnitz at the end of the seventeenth centuries.
The team from the Universities of Manchester and Exeter reveal the Kerala School also discovered what amounted to the Pi series and used it to calculate Pi correct to 9, 10 and later 17 decimal places.
Free Heart Surgery
CHIME (A trust formed by MIOT Hospital, Chennai) is giving free heart surgery for children with congenital heart disease.
If you know any persons
with this disability please pass it to them. Forward this to all your friends. You might become a god by giving life to others.
Contact Details: chime@miothospitals.com
Source: The Hindu (
www.hindu.com/2007/10/01/stories/2007100159110500.htm )
If you know any persons
with this disability please pass it to them. Forward this to all your friends. You might become a god by giving life to others.
Contact Details: chime@miothospitals.com
Source: The Hindu (
www.hindu.com/2007/10/01/stories/2007100159110500.htm )
Monday, December 17, 2007
Section 49-O of the Constitution
Did you know that there is a system in our constitution, as per the 1969 act, in section '49-O' that a person can go to the polling booth, confirm his identity, get his finger marked, and convey the presiding election officer that he / she doesn't want to vote anyone!
Yes, such a feature is available, but obviously these seemingly notorious leaders have never disclosed it. This is called '49-O'.
Why should you go and say 'I VOTE NOBODY'? ... Because, in a ward, if a candidate wins, say by 123 votes, and that particular ward has received '49-O' votes more than 123, then that polling will be cancelled and will have to be re-polled. Not only that, but the candidature of the contestants will be removed and they cannot contest the re-polling, since people had already expressed their decision on them.
This would bring fear into parties and hence look for genuine candidates for their parties for election. This would change the way, of our whole political system... it is seemingly surprising why the election commission has not revealed such a feature to the public.... Please spread this news to as many as you know... Seems to be a wonderful weapon against corrupt parties in India... show your power, expressing your desire not to vote for anybody, is even more powerful than voting... so don't miss your chance.
So either vote, or vote not to vote (vote '49-O') and pass on this info...
Yes, such a feature is available, but obviously these seemingly notorious leaders have never disclosed it. This is called '49-O'.
Why should you go and say 'I VOTE NOBODY'? ... Because, in a ward, if a candidate wins, say by 123 votes, and that particular ward has received '49-O' votes more than 123, then that polling will be cancelled and will have to be re-polled. Not only that, but the candidature of the contestants will be removed and they cannot contest the re-polling, since people had already expressed their decision on them.
This would bring fear into parties and hence look for genuine candidates for their parties for election. This would change the way, of our whole political system... it is seemingly surprising why the election commission has not revealed such a feature to the public.... Please spread this news to as many as you know... Seems to be a wonderful weapon against corrupt parties in India... show your power, expressing your desire not to vote for anybody, is even more powerful than voting... so don't miss your chance.
So either vote, or vote not to vote (vote '49-O') and pass on this info...
ALZHEIMERS' EYE TEST
ALZHEIMERS' EYE TEST
Count every " F " in the following text:
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RE
SULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTI
FIC STUDY COMBINED WITH
THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS...
(SEE BELOW)
HOW MANY ?
WRONG, THERE ARE 6 -- no joke.
READ IT AGAIN !
Really, go Back and Try to find the 6 F's before you scroll down.
The reasoning behind is further down.
The brain cannot process "OF".
Incredible or what? Go back and look again!!
Anyone who counts all 6 "F's" on the first go is a genius.
Three is normal, four is quite rare.
Count every " F " in the following text:
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RE
SULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTI
FIC STUDY COMBINED WITH
THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS...
(SEE BELOW)
HOW MANY ?
WRONG, THERE ARE 6 -- no joke.
READ IT AGAIN !
Really, go Back and Try to find the 6 F's before you scroll down.
The reasoning behind is further down.
The brain cannot process "OF".
Incredible or what? Go back and look again!!
Anyone who counts all 6 "F's" on the first go is a genius.
Three is normal, four is quite rare.
Dot Net Tips & Tricks-1
Value Type & Reference Type
Value types directly contain their data are either allocated on the stack or allocated in-line in a
structure.
Reference types store a reference to the value's memory address, and are allocated on the heap.
Reference types can be self-describing types, pointer types, or interface types.
Variables that are value types each have their own copy of the data, and therefore operations on
one variable do not affect other variables. Variables that are reference types can refer to the same
object; therefore, operations on one variable can affect the same object referred to by another
variable.All types derive from the System.Object base type.
Value types directly contain their data are either allocated on the stack or allocated in-line in a
structure.
Reference types store a reference to the value's memory address, and are allocated on the heap.
Reference types can be self-describing types, pointer types, or interface types.
Variables that are value types each have their own copy of the data, and therefore operations on
one variable do not affect other variables. Variables that are reference types can refer to the same
object; therefore, operations on one variable can affect the same object referred to by another
variable.All types derive from the System.Object base type.
Sunday, December 16, 2007
Effects of Cold Water
For those who like to drink cold water, this article is applicable to you. It is nice to have a cup of cold drink after a meal. However, the cold water will solidify the oily stuff that you have just consumed. It will slow down the digestion. Once this "sludge" reacts with the acid, it will break down and be absorbed by the intestine faster than the solid food. It will line the intestine. Very soon, this will turn into fats and lead to cancer. It is best to drink hot soup or warm water after a meal.
A serious note about heart attacks - You should know that not every heart attack symptom is going to be the left arm hurting. Be aware of intense pain in the jaw line.
You may never have the first chest pain during the course of a heart attack. Nausea and intense sweating are also common symptoms. 60% of people who have a heart attack while they are asleep do not wake up. Pain in the jaw can wake you from a sound sleep. Let's be careful and be aware. The more we know the better chance we could survive.
A cardiologist says if everyone who reads this message sends it to 10 people, you can be sure that we'll save at least one life. Read this & Send the link to a friend. It could save a life. So, please be a true friend and send this article to all your friends you care about.
A serious note about heart attacks - You should know that not every heart attack symptom is going to be the left arm hurting. Be aware of intense pain in the jaw line.
You may never have the first chest pain during the course of a heart attack. Nausea and intense sweating are also common symptoms. 60% of people who have a heart attack while they are asleep do not wake up. Pain in the jaw can wake you from a sound sleep. Let's be careful and be aware. The more we know the better chance we could survive.
A cardiologist says if everyone who reads this message sends it to 10 people, you can be sure that we'll save at least one life. Read this & Send the link to a friend. It could save a life. So, please be a true friend and send this article to all your friends you care about.
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